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Öğe Beneficial effects of apricot-feeding on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Parlakpinar, Hakan; Olmez, Ercument; Acet, Ahmet; Ozturk, Feral; Tasdemir, Seda; Ates, Burhan; Gul, MehmetThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the cardio-protective potential of apricot-feeding in the ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) model of rats in vivo. Rats were divided into three groups of 12 rats each. Group 1 was fed with a standard rat chow, groups 2 and 3 were fed with a standard rat chow supplemented with 10% or 20% dried apricot during 3 months before the beginning of I/R studies. To produce I/R, the left main coronary artery was occluded for 30 min, followed by 120 min reperfusion, in anesthetized rats. Infarct sizes were found significantly decreased in 10% (55.0 +/- 4.3%) and 20% (57.0 +/- 2.9%) apricot-fed groups compared to control group (68.7 +/- 2.0%). Light and electron microscopic evaluations of hearts also demonstrated similar beneficial effects on I/R injury in apricot-fed both groups. Total phenolic contents, DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing power as in vitro antioxidant capacities of rat chows were significantly increased after supplementation with apricot for each ratio. Cu, Zn Superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were increased, and lipid peroxidation was decreased significantly in the hearts of 20% apricot-fed group after I/R. In conclusion, we clearly demonstrated in vivo cardio-protective activity of apricot-feeding related to its antioxidant phenolic contents in rats subjected to myocardial I/R. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The Beneficial Effects of Pentoxifylline on Caerulein-Induced Acute Pancreatitis in Rats(Springer, 2009) Gul, Mehmet; Esrefoglu, Mukaddes; Ozturk, Feral; Ates, Burhan; Otlu, AliIn this study we aimed to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline on caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (AP) by detecting oxidative stress markers and performing histopathological examination. Twenty-one adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups as follows: control, caerulein, and caerulein + pentoxifylline groups. Pancreatic tissues of rats from all groups were removed for light and electron microscopic examination and determination of oxidative stress markers. Pancreatic oxidative stress markers were evaluated by the measurements of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and total glutathione (GSH). Serum amylase and lipase levels were determined spectrophotometrically. The pancreatic damage score was significantly increased (P < 0.005) in the caerulein group, whereas it was decreased (P < 0.05) in the caerulein+ with pentoxifylline group. MDA levels, CAT, SOD, GPx, and GSH activities were significantly altered (P < 0.05, P < 0.005) in the caerulein group and indicated increased oxidative stress. Oxidative stress markers were normalized with pentoxifylline administration. Caerulein administration resulted in significant increase (P < 0.05) in amylase and lipase levels; pentoxifylline reduced the levels of these enzymes. Pentoxifylline is potentially capable of limiting pancreatic damage produced during AP by restoring the fine structure of acinar cells and tissue antioxidant enzyme activities. We concluded that pentoxifylline may have beneficial effects in the treatment of caerulein-induced AP.Öğe Beneficial role of aminoguanidine on acute cardiomyopathy related to doxorubicin-treatment(Springer, 2006) Cigremis, Yilmaz; Parlakpinar, Hakan; Polat, Alaadin; Colak, Cemil; Ozturk, Feral; Sahna, Engin; Ermis, NecipDoxorubicin (DOX) is a broad-spectrum anthracycline antibiotic that has cardiotoxicity as a major side effect. One mechanism of this toxicity is believed to involve the reactive oxygen radical species (ROS); these agents likely account for the pathophysiology of DOX-induced cardiomyopathy. Aminoguanidine (AG) is an effective antioxidant and free radical scavenger which has long been known to protect against ROS formation. We investigated the effects of AG on DOX-induced changes in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. The rats were divided into four groups:1) Control; 2) DOX group; injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) with DOX 20 mg/kg in a single dose 3) AG-treated group; injected i.p. in single dose of 20 mg/kg DOX plus 100 mg/kg AG 1 h before the DOX for 3 days, 4) AG group; injected i.p. with AG 100 mg/kg for 3 days. DOX administration to control rats increased TBARS and decreased GSH levels. AG administration before DOX injection caused significant decrease in TBARS and increase in GSH levels in the heart tissue when compared with DOX only. Morphological changes, including severe myocardial fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were clearly observed in the DOX-treated heart. AG reversed the DOX-induced heart damage. Therefore AG could protect the heart tissue against free radical injury. The application of AG during cancer chemotherapy may attenuate tissue damage and improve the therapeutic index of DOX.Öğe The contradictory effects of nitric oxide in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in rats(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Ozturk, Feral; Gul, Mehmet; Esrefoglu, Mukaddes; Ates, BurhanThis study was planned to observe the effects of nitric oxide synthesis on the antioxidative defense enzymes and pancreatic tissue histology in caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Acute pancreatitis was induced by intraperitoneal injections of 50 mu g/kg caerulein, L-arginine used for NO induction and N-omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) used for NO inhibition. In the caerulein group acinar cell degeneration, interstitial inflammation, oedema and haemorrhage were detected. Pancreatic damage scores were decreased with both NO induction and inhibition (p<0.05). MDA, GSH-Px, CAT, GSH and SOD activities were significantly changed in the caerulein group and indicated increased oxidative stress. Both NO induction and inhibition decreased this oxidative stress. It is concluded that both nitric oxide induction and inhibition ameliorated caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. The findings indicate that a certain amount of NO production has beneficial effects in experimental acute pancreatitis, but uncontrolled over-production of NO may be detrimental.Öğe The Effects of Nitric Oxide on Rat Stomach Injury Induced by Acetylsalicylic Acid(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2009) Yagmurca, Murat; Ucar, Muharrem; Fadillioglu, Ersin; Erdogan, Hasan; Ozturk, FeralAim: Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin), which is one of the most frequently used drugs in the world. causes severe gastric mucosal injury. Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized from L-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). NOS can be inhibited by N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and stimulated by supplementing the diet with L-arginine (L-Arg). The aim of this study was to investigate the role of NO on gastric mucosal injury induced by ASA. Materials and Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control, ASA, ASA+L-NAME, ASA+L-Arg, ASA+L-Arg+L-NAME, only L-NAME. and only L-Arg groups. After administration of the drugs, the rats were decapitated and their stomachs were removed and fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin solution. Results: Mucosal erosion, intramucosal hemorrhage, inflammatory cell infiltration, gland cell detachment, and necrosis were observed in the ASA group. It was demonstrated that L-Arg administration decreased the gastric mucosal injury, whereas L-NAME administration increased the extent and severity of the gastric injury induced by ASA. L-Arg or L-NAME administration alone did not affect gastric mucosa. Conclusions: We concluded that NO may have protective effects on gastric mucosal injury induced by ASA.Öğe The Histopathological Effect of Resveratrol in Thyroid Tissue of Rats Exposed to Cigarette Smoke(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2009) Kurus, Meltem; Sogutlu, Gokhan; Firat, Yezdan; Esrefoglu, Mukaddes; Yologlu, Saim; Ozturk, Feral; Otlu, AliObjective: The aim of this study was to assess the histopathological effect of resveratrol in thyroid tissue of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Material and Methods: Forty adult, male Wistar Albino rats were divided into four groups for an experiment of 6 weeks duration. Group I was the control group. Rats in group 2 were exposed to cigarette smoke only and rats in group 3 received daily intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol (10 mg/kg/d). Animals in group 4 were exposed to both cigarette smoke and intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol. Rats of all groups were sacrificed; their thyroid glands were removed and were examined histopathologically. Results: While the control group and the resveratrol group had normal thyroid tissue, in the group exposed to cigarette smoke there was a significant decrease in follicles and differentiation of epithelial cells from cubic to flat cells. There was intracytoplasmic vacuolization in some epithelial cells, irregularity in follicular cells decreasing area and cell infiltrations. On the other hand, we observed significant improvement in these histopathological differences in the group that was exposed to both cigarette smoke and resveratrol. Conclusion: Resveratrol has healing effects on the damage of thyroid tissue of rats that are exposed to cigarette smoke at a dose and duration tested in this study.Öğe The Morphological and Numeral Changes of Goblet Cells in the Jejunum of Ischemia-Reperfusion Applied Rats(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Dag, Meral; Kurus, Meltem; Sogutlu, Gokhan; Estegoglu, Mukaddes; Ozturk, Feral; Yologlu, Saim; Otlu, AliObjective: In this study, we aimed to investigate the numeric and morphological changes of goblet cells after experimental ischemia and reperfusion damage. Material and Methods: In our study, male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups being eight rats in each group. Groups were: control, sham, ischemia (15 minutes) and ischemia-reperfusion groups (I/R, 15 min. I/15 min.R). After the experiment, all rats were sacrificed and their jejunums were taken out. All the necessary procedures were carried out for morphological evaluation. Results: In the ischemia group, villi morphological changes from splitting up to atrophy, and were shorter; goblet cells were found to show reduction both in number and size. On the other hand, it was found that goblet cells in the crypts showed no change in number but in size. Findings in the I/R group were milder than the ischemia group, but the sizes of villi were found smaller in this group. While the number of goblet cells in the villi was normal, it was decreased in the crypts and the sizes of goblets both in the villi and in the crypts were reduced. Conclusion: We thought that during the ischemia, the number of goblets were decreased since they fall into the lumen. The rest were small because they came from the basis of the crypts; during the I/R procedure, the number of cells turned to normal because of the arrival of the goblets from the crypts to the villi. However, in this way the number in them in the crypts decreased and they looked small due to incomplete maturation.Öğe Morphological Changes and Vascular Reactivity of Rat Thoracic Aorta Twelve Months After Pinealectomy(Ortadogu Ad Pres & Publ Co, 2010) Kurcer, Zehra; Ozturk, Feral; Sahna, Engin; Kurus, Meltem; Olmez, ErcumentObjective: Melatonin, a hormone produced by the pineal gland, has been suggested to protect against development of hypertension and atherosclerosis. In this study, the effects of long-term melatonin deficiency for twelve months after pinealectomy on the alpha-adrenergic-contractions induced by phenylephrine, endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to acetylcholine and the morphological changes in the rat thoracic aorta were studied. Material and Metods: Rats were pinealectomized twelve months before the beginning of the vasomotor studies. Rings of arteries were mounted in isolated tissue baths for the measurements of isometric contractile force. The contractile responses to phenylephrine and endothelium-dependent relaxation responses to acetylcholine in the vessels were evaluated. Endothelial function was evaluated by vascular relaxation to acetylcholine. Histological examinations demonstrated the alterations of tunica media in the vessels of pinealectomized rats. Results: Thick and thin areas were observed in the transverse sections of vessels and the ratio of the widest media thickness to the narrowest was found significantly increased in pinealectomized group (2.85 +/- 056) when compared to the control group (1.65 +/- 0.10). In addition, alpha-smooth muscle actin and elastic lamellae staining of the media were attenuated in pinealectomized rats. Although contractile responses of vessels to phenylephrine in pinealectomized rats were lower than control group, significant difference was found for only one concentration (3x 10-8 mol l-1) of phenylephrine. There was no difference between the relaxation responses to acetylcholine in pinealectomized and control groups. Conclusion: These results show that long-term melatonin deficiency may cause some morphological changes in the tunics media of vessels. However, the function of endothelium and vascular responsiveness to proportional to-adrenergic stimulus seem to be mostly protected.Öğe Potent protective effect of apricot and ?-carotene on methotrexate-induced intestinal oxidative damage in rats(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2008) Vardi, Nigar; Parlakpinar, Hakan; Ozturk, Feral; Ates, Burhan; Gul, Mehmet; Cetin, Asli; Erdogan, AliSeveral studies have well confirmed the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of methotrexate (MTX)-induced damage in the small intestine. Many agents have been tried experimentally to reduce or inhibit the oxidative stress. To our knowledge, there is no study about apricot consumption on the MTX-induced damage in the small intestine. The aim of this study was to determine the possible protective effects of apricot and beta-carotene on MTX-induced intestinal damage in rats. The rats were randomly divided into seven groups as follows; I-control group; H-apricot group; III-beta-carotene group; IV-MTX group: V-apricot + MTX group; VI-beta-carotene + MTX group and VII-apricot + beta-carotene + MTX group. In the MTX group; fusion and shortening in the villus, epithelial desquamation, crypt loss, inflammatory cell infiltration in the lamina propria, goblet cell depletion and microvillar damage were observed in the small intestine. Parallel to histological results, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were found to be increased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GP-x) activities and glutathione (GSH) content were decreased in the MTX group. However, single or combined application of apricot and p-carotene ameliorated all of these hazordous effects in antioxidant system in MTX-treated groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that apricot and/or beta-carotene treatment may protect the impairment of oxidative stress and ameliorate MTX-induced intestine damage at biochemical and histological levels. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Propolis Prevents the Effects of Chronic Alcohol Intake on Ocular Tissues(Karger, 2009) Emre, Sinan; Yilmaz, Zuemruet; Ozturk, Feral; Emre, M. HanifiAim: This study is designed to investigate the protective effects of propolis in ocular tissues against chronic alcohol exposure. Material and Method: Wistar albino rats were used in this study. Rats were divided into 4 groups, and each group was fed a special liquid diet which contained an equal amount of calories. The control group was fed the liquid special diet without alcohol and propolis. We added propolis (150 mg/kg) to the diet of the second group. The diet of the third group contained alcohol, the concentration of which was increased progressively. The fourth group was fed a diet including propolis and alcohol. To counterbalance caloric intake, we decreased the amount of glucose in the special liquid diet for groups 3 and 4. At the end of 30 days, the animals were sacrificed and samples were kept at -80 degrees C until evaluation. Specimens were investigated by light microscopy for morphology and morphometry. Results: In the histological investigation of ocular tissues, alcohol caused an increase in thickness of the cornea and corneal epithelium compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This incremental tendency was significantly reduced by propolis, and values were very close to those of the control group (p > 0.05). Alcohol did not cause any significant alteration of rat retinal thickness. Conclusion: This study showed that propolis is highly effective against corneal edema secondary to chronic alcohol intake. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, BaselÖğe Protective effect of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) on hepatic steatosis and damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in Wistar rats(Cambridge Univ Press, 2009) Ozturk, Feral; Gul, Mehmet; Ates, Burhan; Ozturk, I. Cetin; Cetin, Asli; Vardi, Nigar; Otlu, AliThe present study was planned to investigate the protective effect of 10% and 20% apricot-containing feed on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic steatosis and damage. Adult male Wistar rats (it 42) were divided into six groups of seven each, as follows: control group; CCl4 group; CCl4 + 10% apricot group; CCl4 + 20% apricot group; 10% apricot group; 20% apricot group. All apricot groups were fed with 10% or 20% apricot-containing feed for 5 months. CCl4 injections were applied to the CCl4 groups at the dose of 1 mg/kg for 3 d at the end of 5 months. In the CCl4 group, vacuolated hepatocytes and hepatic necrosis were seen, especially in the centrilobular area. Hepatocytes showed an oedematous cytoplasmic matrix, large lipid globules and degenerated organelles. The area of liver injury was found significantly decreased with apricot feeding. Malondialdehyde and total glutathione levels and catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significantly changed in the CCl4 group and indicated increased oxidative stress. Apricot feeding decreased this oxidative stress and ameliorated histological damage. We concluded that apricot feeding had beneficial effects on CCl4-induced liver steatosis and damage probably due to its antioxidant nutrient (beta-carotene and vitamin) contents and high radical-scavenging capacity. Dietary intake of apricot can reduce the risk of liver steatosis and damage caused by free radicals.Öğe Protective effect of oral L-arginine supplementation on cyclosporine induced nephropathy in rats(Springer, 2005) Kurus, Meltem; Esrefoglu, Mukaddes; Bay, Aysun; Ozturk, FeralBackground: One of the major adverse effects of long term cyclosporine A ( CyA) administration is chronic nephrotoxicity. Several studies have suggested that alterations of the L-arginine (L-Arg) nitric oxide ( NO) pathway may be involved in the pathogenesis of CyA-induced kidney damage. Aim: We postulated that in vivo activation of L-Arg-NO pathway might have a beneficial effect on CyA-induced renal damage. Conditions of chronic NO enhancement was established with L-Arg supplementation and chronic NO blockade with N-nitro-L-Arg methyl ester ( L- NAME). We tested the hypothesis that, if CyA administration alters intrarenal NO synthesis, then exogenous L-Arg supplementation could limit renal injury, on the contrary, L- NAME, a potent competitive inhibitor of NO synthesis, could enhance CyA nephrotoxicity. Harmful effect of NO blockade indirectly supports the beneficial effect of NO in a model of CyA nephrotoxicity. Methods: Rats were administered vehicle (VH), CyA (7.5 mg/kg/day), CyA + L-Arg (2g/kg/day), CyA + L- NAME (5 mg/100ml/day), CyA + L-Arg + L- NAME, VH + L-Arg, VH + L-NAME and were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. Body weight, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen ( BUN) and NO levels were determined. Tubular injury and interstitial fibrosis were evaluated semiquantitatively using scoring systems on paraffin sections stained with hematoxylin/eosin (H/E), Masson's trichromic and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Results: The CyA group developed marked renal injury, characterized by a significant increase in serum creatinine and BUN, and histopathological alterations including tubular dilatation, vacuolization, necrosis, interstitial cell infiltration and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. CyA reduced serum NO level. L-Arg treatment significantly enhanced NO biosynthesis and protected animals from CyA-induced kidney damage. In contrast L- NAME strikingly reduced serum NO level, and worsened biochemical and histopathological alterations. Conclusion: Chronic CyA nephrotoxicity can be aggravated by NO blockade and ameliorated by NO enhancement suggesting that L-Arg supplementation may be protective in CyA nephrotoxicity.Öğe Protective effects of ascorbic acid on hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by carbon tetrachloride in the liver of Wistar rats(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) Ozturk, Ismail Cetin; Ozturk, Feral; Gul, Mehmet; Ates, Burhan; Cetin, AsliThis study was planned to investigate the protective effect of L(+)-ascorbic acid (Vit C) on CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress in the liver of Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus, strain Wistar). Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were fed with standard rat chow diet for 10 days and randomly were divided into four groups of six each as follows: (1) control, (2) CCl4, (3) CCl4 + Vit C, (4) Vit C groups. CCl4 was applied to rats belonging to CCl4 and CCl4 + Vit C groups Subcutaneously at 1 mg ka(-1) dose CCl4 for 3 days. Vit C applied to CCl4 + Vit C and Vit C group rats intraperitoneally at 300 mg kg(-1) dose for 3 days. All rats were sacrificed and livers were quickly removed on the fourth day of the experiment. MDA, total glutathione (T.GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities were measured in the liver of all groups of rats and also serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) activities were detected to determine liver functions in all groups of rats. Histopathological changes were evaluated by light and transmission electron microscopes. In CCl4 + Vit C group, MDA level was significantly decreased (p < 0.05) and SOD, CAT, GSH-PX activities were significantly increased (p < 0.005, 0.01, 0.05) respectively, T.GSH level was significantly increased (p < 0.005) and serum ALT and AST activities were significantly decreased (p < 0.01, 0.05), respectively, when compared with CCl4 group. These results show that Vit C has a highly protective effect on hepatotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by CCl4. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
