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Öğe Effects of Fiber-rich Apple and Apricot Powders on Cookie Quality(Korean Society Food Science & Technology-Kosfost, 2009) Seker, Ibrahim T.; Ozboy-Ozbas, Ozen; Gokbulut, Incilay; Ozturk, Serpil; Koksel, HamitApple and apricot powders (APL-P and APR-P) were produced from apple and apricot fruits and they were used in cookie formulation at the levels of 10-40% (in flour bases). The APL-P and APR-P were rich in terms of total dietary fiber (TDF) and antioxidant power. The APR-P supplemented cookies had higher spread ratio and lower hardness values than the APL-P supplemented ones at all addition levels. The color values of the APR-P supplemented cookies were all acceptable. Overall sensory scores of the cookies supplemented with APL-P and APR-P were not significantly different from the control up to 20% addition. TDF contents of the supplemented cookies increased significantly with increasing addition level (p<0.01). The replacement Of flour by APL-P and APR-P in wire-cut cookies showed that the physical characteristics and textural properties of the cookies were significantly affected (p<0.01) and APR-P appeared to be a more suitable replacer of flour than APL-P. Addition of both fruit powders upto 20% into the cookie formulation were evaluated as acceptable in terms of the sensory properties.Öğe EFFECTS OF ZERO-TRANS INTERESTERIFIED AND NON-INTERESTERIFIED SHORTENINGS AND BREWER'S SPENT GRAIN ON COOKIE QUALITY(Wiley, 2009) Ozturk, Serpil; Ozbas, Ozen Ozboy; Javidipour, Issa; Koksel, HamitThe effects of non-interesterified (non-in-es) and chemically interesterified (in-es) cottonseed oil (CO), palm oil (PO) and CO : PO blend (1:1, weight basis) and brewer's spent grain (BSG) on quality of cookies were studied. Incorporation of non-in-es and in-es CO and CO : PO blend improved the nutritional value of the cookies by altering the fatty acid composition. The experimental shortenings had zero-trans fatty acids (TFA) and considerably higher linoleic acid contents than hydrogenated shortening (HS). in-es PO and CO : PO blend samples had lower solid fat content than their non-in-es counterparts and this resulted in higher spread ratios in in-es incorporated cookies. As expected, addition of BSG significantly increased (P < 0.05) the total dietary fiber (TDF) content of cookies. Cookies with modified fatty acid composition and 4.4-fold higher TDF have been produced by using non-in-es and in-es CO and CO : PO with 15% BSG, without significant adverse effects on sensory properties. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Hydrogenated shortenings (HSs) are the most important source of fat in cookies and might have high proportions of trans fatty acids (TFAs). A high intake of TFA is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and the intake should be reduced to minimize health risks. In this work, the production of zero-trans interesterified and non-interesterified shortenings and their utilization in high-fiber cookies were investigated. The results indicated that some of the experimental in-es and non-in-es shortenings and 15% brewer's spent grain could be used for production of cookies with zero TFA and higher unsaturated fatty acids and total dietary fiber contents without detrimentally affecting their sensory properties. The in-es shortening incorporated cookies had higher spread ratios and color values than their non-in-es counterparts.Öğe Evaluation of molecular weight distribution, pasting and functional properties, and enzyme resistant starch content of acid-modified corn starches(Korean Society Food Science & Technology-Kosfost, 2008) Koksel, Hamit; Ozturk, Serpil; Kahraman, Kevser; Basman, Arzu; Ozbas, Ozen Zboy; Ryu, Gi-HyungThe aim of this study was to produce resistant starch preparations from acid-modified coni starches prepared at various hydrolysis levels (0.5-4.0 hr). Effect of autoclaving cycles on resistant starch (RS) formation was investigated. Molecular weight distribution, pasting and functional properties of acid-modified corn starches were determined. For RS fort-nation native and acid-modified starch samples were gelatinized and autoclaved (1 or 2 cycles). While native and acid-modified starches did not contain any RS, the levels increased to 9.0-13.5% as a result of storage at 95 degrees C after first autoclaving cycle. Second autoclaving cycle together with storage at 95 degrees C brought final RS contents of the samples incubated at 4 and 95 degrees C after the first cycle to comparable level. As acid modification level increased, the amount of high molecular weight fractions decreased, resulting in significant decreases in viscosities (p < 0.05). The samples produced in this study had low emulsion stability and capacity values.Öğe Utilization of sugarbeet fiber and zero-trans interesterified and non-interesterified shortenings in cookie production(Verlag Dr Albert Bartens, 2008) Ozturk, Serpil; Ozboy-Ozbas, Ozen; Javidipour, Issa; Koksel, HamitIn this study, the effects of sugarbeet fiber (SBF) and non-interesterified (non-in-es) and interesterified (in-es) cottonseed oil (CO), palm oil (PO) and CO:PO blend on the quality of cookies were studied. SBF of particle size >425 mu m was added into the cookie formulation at the levels of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%. The addition of SBF significantly increased (p < 0.05) the total dietary fiber (TDF) content of cookies. Incorporation of non-in-es and in-es CO and CO:PO improved the nutritional content of the product by altering the fatty acid composition. These experimental shortenings have zero-trans fatty acids and considerably higher linoleic acid than hydrogenated shortenings. The in-es PO and in-es CO:PO blends had lower solid fat contents than their non-in-es counterparts and this resulted in higher spread ratios in in-es shortening incorporated cookies. Favorable cookies, similar to the standard cookies with modified fatty acid compositions and similar to 4 fold higher TDF, have been made by using non-in-es and in-es CO and CO:PO with 15% SBF, without significantly adverse changes in sensory properties.
