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    Akut infektif ve alerjik konjonktivitlerde gözyaşı stabilitesi
    (İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 2014) Polat, Nihat; Tuncer, İbrahim
    Amaç:Bu çalışmada akut konjonktivitlerin gözyaşı film stabilitesi üzerine etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya akut konjonktivit tanısı konulup tedavisi başlanmamış 33 olgunun 60 konjonktivitli gözü (grup 1) ve kontrol gurubu olarak gözlük muayenesi için polikliniğe başvuran 10 normal sağlıklı olgunun (yaş ve cinsiyet uyumlu) 20 gözü (grup 2) dahil edildi. Konjonktivitli gözler ise akut infektif konjonktivit tanısı konulup tedavisi başlanmamış 20 olgunun 34 konjonktivitli gözü (grup 1-A), akut mevsimsel alerjik konjonktivit tanısı konulup tedavisi başlanmamış 13 olgunun 26 gözü (grup 1-B) olarak iki alt gruba ayrıldı. Tüm hastaların shirmer testi yapılarak anormal test sonucu olanlar çalışmadan çıkarıldı. Olgular seçilirken oküler yüzeyi bozabilecek oral antihipertansif, antihistaminik, antidepresan vb.sistemik ilaç veya kronik topikal ilaç tedavisi almaması, kontakt lens kullanmaması, blefaritlerinin olmaması, oküler yüzey hastalığı bulunmaması göz önüne alındı. Bulgular: Olguların yaş ortalaması 28.8±6.4 yıl (SD), çalışmaya katılan hastaların 17 si erkek 16 sı kadın idi. Kontrol gurubunun yaş ortalaması 25.9±5.9 yıl idi. Kontrol olgularının 5’i erkek 5’i kadın idi. Akut konjonktivitlerin gözyaşı kırılma zamanı ortalaması 11.23±6.18 sn, kontrol gurubunun gözyaşı kırılma zamanı ortalaması 23,50±4.45 sn olarak bulundu. p<0.05 olduğundan akut konjonktivitli hastalarda gözyaşı kırılma zamanı anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak bizim çalışmamız da akut konjonktivitin gözyaşı stabilitesinde önemli değişikliklere neden olabildiği saptanmıştır. Akut konjonktivit semptomlarının önemli bir bölümünün kuru göz semptomlarına benzer özellik göstermesinin nedeni akut konjonktivitlerde ortaya çıkan gözyaşı stabilitesi bozukluğu olabilir.
  • Küçük Resim Yok
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    Anestezi Yönetimi, Hava Yolu Yönetiminde Farklı Sturge-Weber Sendromlu Pediyatrik Hastada Bir Yaklaşım
    (Göğüs Kalp Damar Anestezi ve Yoğun Bakım Derneği Dergisi, 2016) Akbaş, Sedat; Özkan, Ahmet Selim; Polat, Nihat; Kadıoğlu, Mustafa; Durmuş, Mahmut
    Öz: Sturge-Weber Sendromu (SWS); deri, beyin ve göz ile ilgili lezyonlarla sonuçlanan, ensefalotrigeminal anjiomatozis ve konjenital deri anjiomları ile karakterize ender görülen bir sendromdur. SWS'li hastaların hava yollarında sıkça anjiomlar görülmesinden dolayı maske ile ventilasyonda, laringoskopi ve entübasyonda çok dikkatli olunmalıdır. Zor hava yolu yönetimi için alternatif hava yolu gereçleri hazır bulundurulmalıdır. Bu olguda, glokom nedeniyle göz cerrahisi planlanan SWS'li pediatrik hastada anestezi yönetimi sunuldu
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    Anormal Baş Pozisyonu Geliştirmiş KonjenitalNistagmuslu Olguya Cerrahi Yaklaşım
    (MN Oftalmoloji, 2017) Gündüz, Abuzer; Fırat, Murat; Polat, Nihat
    Öz: Dört yaşında erkek hastanın ailesi kliniğimize bir yaşından beri hastada var olan baş pozisyonunda eğiklik ile başvurdu. Görme keskinlikleri Snellen eşeli ile bilateral 20/200 düzeyindeydi. Biyomikroskopisi ve fundus muayenesi doğaldı. Hastanın horizantal pendüler nistagmusuve 14 prizm diyoptri ekzotropyası mevcuttu. Yüzü 35 derece sola dönüktü ve göz hareketleri her yöne serbestti. Hastaya konjenital nistagmusve nistagmusa bağlı oluşan anormal baş pozisyonu (ABP) tanısı konuldu. Hastaya Kestembaum-Parks modifikasyonu cerrahisi yapıldı.Hastanın cerrahi sonrası kontrollerinde ABP'nin düzeldiği, primer pozisyonda nistagmusunun azaldığı ve ortotropik olduğu görüldü. Bu olguyu sunmamızın amacı, nistagmusa bağlı olarak gelişen ABP'yi düzeltmek için yapılan cerrahi tedavinin etkinliğini göstermektir. Başlık (İngilizce): The Surgical Approach in a Congenital Nystagmus Case with Abnormal Head Position Öz (İngilizce): A 4-year-old male patient was brought by his family because of his head position since one year old. Visual acuities were 20/200 bilaterally with the Snellen chart. Biomicroscopy and fundus findings were normal. Horizontal pendular nystagmus was present with exotropia of 14 prism diopters. The face was turned 35 degrees to the left while the eye movements were free in all directions. The patient was diagnosed with congenital nystagmus and abnormal head position (AHP) due to the nystagmus. Parks modification of the Kestenbaum procedure was performed. Postoperative follow-up revealed that the AHP had been corrected and the nystagmus in the primary position had decreased. The patient was orthotropic. We wanted to present this case to demonstrate the effectiveness of surgical treatment in correcting AHP developing as a result of nystagmus.
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    Arginine, symmetric and asymmetric dimethylarginine levels in the molsidomine treatment of experimental ischemia-reperfusion retinopathy
    (2019) Polat, Nihat; Atabey Ozer, Murat; Parlakpinar, Hakan; Aksungur, Zeynep; Ozhan, Onural; Turkoz, Yusuf
    Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the mean changes in Arginine, Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) and Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) levels in the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) retinopathy and efficacy of treatment with molsidomine by these levels. Experiments were performed on the New Zealand white rabbits each weighing approximately 2.5 kg. 28 rabbits were assigned to the following 4 groups, group 1 consisted sham, group 2 consisted I/R, group 3 consisted I/R+ treatment with molsidomine, group 4 consisted prophylaxis with molsidomine +I/R. In the group 2, 3 and 4, ischemia was induced by raising the intraocular pressure to 150 mmHg for 60 minutes. After 60 min, the IOP was returned to normal pressure. 4 mg/kg/day molsidomine was administered intraperitoneally four days after I/R in group 3, one day before I/R and three days after I/R in group 4. Arginine, ADMA and SDMA levels were measured on the aqueous humor. The mean arginine levels were 12.3±4.8 ?mol/L in group 1, 12.4±1.4 ?mol/L in group 2, 13.2±2.4 ?mol/L in group 3 and 13.7±4.3 ?mol/L in group 4. No difference was present between the groups (p=0.807). The mean ADMA levels were 2.6±0.8 ?mol/L, 7.3±2.7 ?mol/L, 0.5±0.5 ?mol/L and 2.5±1.0 ?mol/L respectively. Significant increase was present in the group 2 and significant decrease was present in the group 3 (p=0.001). The mean SDMA levels were 1.0±0.3 ?mol/L, 1.8±0.2 ?mol/L, 0.3±0.3 ?mol/L and 1.0±0.4 ?mol/L respectively. Significant increase was present in the group 2 and significant decrease was present in the group 3 (p=0.001). L-Arginine levels were kept steady, ADMA and SDMA values decreased with molsidomine. Four days treatment with molsidomine after I/R may be beneficial more than prophylaxis and three days treatment
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    Choroidal thickness in relation to sex, age, refractive error, and axial length in healthy Turkish subjects
    (Springer, 2015) Tuncer, Ibrahim; Karahan, Eyyup; Zengin, Mehmet Ozgur; Atalay, Eray; Polat, Nihat
    The aim of this study was to investigate the association between choroidal thickness (CT) and sex, age, refractive error (RE), and axial length in healthy subjects. This is a study of 154 eyes in 154 healthy subjects. CT measurements were performed by the same experienced technician using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography device. CT was measured perpendicularly from the outer edge of the retinal pigment epithelium to the choroid-sclera boundary at the fovea and at six more points which are located at, respectively, 500 A mu m nasal to the fovea, 1,000 A mu m nasal to the fovea, and 1,500 mu m nasal to the fovea, 500 mu m temporal to the fovea, 1,000 mu m temporal to the fovea, and 1,500 mu m temporal to the fovea. The RE was measured by autorefractometry, and the axial length was measured by interferometry. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate CT at each location, and to the correlations of CT with sex, age, RE, and axial length. The mean subfoveal CT was 265.86 +/- A 60.32 A mu m, the mean age was 49.01 +/- A 19.19 years, the mean RE was -0.17 +/- A 1.20 diopters (D), and the mean axial length was 23.39 +/- A 0.76 mm. CT profile indicated that the choroid was thicker at the fovea than at temporal and nasal locations. Univariable linear regression analysis showed that subfoveal CT decreased 3.14 A mu m for each year of age and decreased 79.33 A mu m for each mm of axial length (P = 0.000, R (2) = 0.249; P = 0.000, R (2) = 0.487, respectively). In a similar analysis, subfoveal CT was found to decrease by 50.24 A mu m/D myopia-shifted change in refraction (P = 0.000, R (2) = 0.201). The subfoveal choroid was 99.16 A mu m (39.22 %) thicker in men than women when adjusting for age and axial length (P = 0.000, R (2) = 0.249). CT decreases with increasing myopia, age, and axial length. Men had thicker choroid than women, and CT varies depending on location.
  • Küçük Resim Yok
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    Choroidal tuberculoma showing paradoxical worsening in a patient with miliary TB
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Yilmaz, Turgut; Selcuk, Engin; Polat, Nihat; Mutlu, Kayhan
    Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important public health problem worldwide. Ocular involvement in patients with systemic TB has traditionally been considered uncommon. Diagnosing ocular TB is challenging and often delayed, especially in the absence of pulmonary signs or symptoms typical of TB. Here we describe a case of paradoxical reaction after antituberculosis therapy in an immunocompetent patient with ocular TB.
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    Comparison of the effects of direct laryngoscopy and fiberoptic oral endotracheal intubation on the intraocular pressures of non-ophthalmic patients: A prospective, randomised, clinical trial
    (2022) Yıldırım, Sait; Akbaş, Sedat; Durmus, Mahmut; Özkan, Ahmet Selim; Karaaslan, Erol; Polat, Nihat; Mutlu, Kayhan
    Abstract Aim: In this prospective, randomised, clinical study; we aimed to compare the effects of endotracheal intubation (ETI) via direct laryngoscope (DLS) and fiberoptic bronchoscope (FOB) on intraocular pressure (IOP) and hemodynamic data of non-ophthalmic patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four adult patients undergoing non-ophthalmic surgeries performed in the supine position under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were included into the study. The patients were randomly and prospectively divided into 2 groups: Group DLS (n=27) and Group FOB (n=27). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), Heart rate (HR), IOP were measured at before induction (basal), post-induction and 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 5th minutes of intubation. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in distribution of patient characteristics. Duration of intubation was significantly longer in Group FOB (p<0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in MAP and HR when groups compared each other. Statistically significant increase was found in IOP at 1st minute of intubation in Group DLS when compared with Group FOB (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in terms of IOP in other time periods. Conclusion: We thought that endotracheal intubation by FOB could be more useful with respect to endotracheal intubation by DLS in patients with high IOP due to significantly less rise caused in IOP when performed by experienced anesthesiologists.
  • Küçük Resim Yok
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    Comparison of the effects of the McGRATH MAC, C-MAC, and Macintosh laryngoscopes on the intraocular pressures of non-ophthalmic patients: A prospective, randomised, clinical trial
    (Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2021) Ozkan, Ahmet Selim; Akbas, Sedat; Karaaslan, Erol; Polat, Nihat
    Introduction: In this prospective, randomised study, we compared the effects of the Macintosh, McGRATH MAC, and C-MAC laryngoscopes on intraocular pressure (IOP) and [13_TD$DIFF]haemodynamics of non-ophthalmic patients during endotracheal intubation. Methods: [14_TD$DIFF]One hundred and twenty adult patients undergoing non[15_TD$DIFF]ophthalmic surgeries performed in the supine position under general [16_TD$DIFF]anaesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation [17_TD$DIFF]were included in this study. The patients were separated randomly and prospectively into 3 groups: Macintosh group (n = 40), McGRATH MAC group (n = 40), and C-MAC group (n = 40). Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and IOP of left and right eye were measured at specified times. Results: There were no significant differences with regard to patients characteristics. After intubation, the HR increased significantly in the Macintosh group when compared to the other groups ([18_TD$DIFF]p = 0.001) and the MAP increased significantly in the Macintosh group when compared to the McGRATH MAC group ([18_TD$DIFF]p = 0.001) and the C-MAC group ([19_TD$DIFF]p < 0.001). The IOP values increased in the Macintosh group when compared to the McGRATH MAC group ([20_TD$DIFF]p < 0.001) and the C-MAC group ([20_TD$DIFF]p < 0.001) after intubation. [21_TD$DIFF]Additionally, there was a significant difference between the McGRATH MAC group and C-MAC group in the IOP values of the eyes after intubation ([19_TD$DIFF]p < 0.001). According to the evaluation within the groups, there were significant differences in all of the groups at all times when compared with the baseline values ([19_TD$DIFF]p < 0.001). Conclusions: In this study, we concluded that the C-MAC VL may be preferable when compared to the Macintosh and McGRATH MAC laryngoscopes for use in ophthalmic patients in whom a rise in the IOP is undesirable. (C) 2021 Socie acute accent te acute accent franc , aise d'anesthe acute accent sie et de re acute accent animation (Sfar). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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    Corneal endothelial changes in long-term cannabinoid users
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Polat, Nihat; Cumurcu, Birgul; Cumurcu, Tongabay; Tuncer, Ilknur
    Purpose: The aim of this study was at evaluating the effects of long-term cannabis use on the corneal endothelial cells with the specular microscopy.Methods: The study enrolled 28 eyes of 28 patients diagnosed with cannabinoid use disorder. The cannabinoid group was selected among patients who had been using the substance for three days or more per week over the past one year. Thirty-two eyes of 32 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals enrolled as control group in the study. Corneal endothelial cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV) and hexagonal cell ratio (HEX) values were analyzed by specular microscopy.Results: The mean CD was 2900211 cells/mm(2) in the cannabinoid group and 3097 +/- 214 cells/mm(2) in the control group (p<0.01). There was a significant decrease in cannabinoid group. The mean CV was 29 +/- 7 and 27 +/- 4 in the cannabinoid and control groups, respectively (p>0.05). No significant difference was present between the cannabinoid and the control groups in terms of mean CV value. The mean HEX was 52 +/- 5% in the cannabinoid group and 53 +/- 10% in the control group (p>0.05). There was not a significant difference between the cannabinoid and the control groups in terms of mean HEX value.Conclusion: A significant decrease in CD was found in cannabinoid users compared the control group.
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    Corneal endothelial changes in long-term cannabinoid users
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND, 2018) Polat, Nihat; Cumurcu, Birgül; Cumurcu, Tongabay; Tuncer, İlknur
    Purpose: The aim of this study was at evaluating the effects of long-term cannabis use on the corneal endothelial cells with the specular microscopy.Methods: The study enrolled 28 eyes of 28 patients diagnosed with cannabinoid use disorder. The cannabinoid group was selected among patients who had been using the substance for three days or more per week over the past one year. Thirty-two eyes of 32 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals enrolled as control group in the study. Corneal endothelial cell density (CD), coefficient of variation (CV) and hexagonal cell ratio (HEX) values were analyzed by specular microscopy.Results: The mean CD was 2900211 cells/mm(2) in the cannabinoid group and 3097 +/- 214 cells/mm(2) in the control group (p<0.01). There was a significant decrease in cannabinoid group. The mean CV was 29 +/- 7 and 27 +/- 4 in the cannabinoid and control groups, respectively (p>0.05). No significant difference was present between the cannabinoid and the control groups in terms of mean CV value. The mean HEX was 52 +/- 5% in the cannabinoid group and 53 +/- 10% in the control group (p>0.05). There was not a significant difference between the cannabinoid and the control groups in terms of mean HEX value.Conclusion: A significant decrease in CD was found in cannabinoid users compared the control group.
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    Corneal structure in tilted disc syndrome
    (Consel Brasil Oftalmologia, 2016) Gunduz, Abuzer; Polat, Nihat; Cumurcu, Tongabay; Demirel, ErsinErsan; Ozsoy, Ercan
    Purpose: To evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal volume (CV), and anterior and posterior corneal surfaces using the Scheimpflug imaging system in patients diagnosed with tilted disc syndrome (TDS). Methods: The study group (Group 1) and the control group (Group 2) comprised 35 eyes of 35 age-, sex-, and refraction-matched cases. All cases underwent a full ophthalmic examination that included cycloplegic refraction, axial ocular length measurement, and Scheimpflug imaging. Results: The mean age was 34.68 +/- 15.48 years in Group 1 and 34.11 +/- 12.01 years in Group 2 (p = 0.864). The gender distribution was 18 males and 17 females in Group 1 and 16 males and 19 females in Group 2 (p = 0.618). All subjects were Caucasian. The spherical equivalent was 3.62 +/- 1.75 D in Group 1 and 3.69 +/- 1.51 D in Group 2 (p = 0.850). There was no significant difference in age, sex, race, or spherical equivalent between groups. There was no significant difference in mean keratometric value and CV3 (the CV in the central 3 mm) between groups (p = 0.232 and 0.172, respectively). There were statistically significant differences in CCT, CV5, and CV7 (CV in the central 5 and 7 mm(3), respectively) and total CV between groups (p = 0.008, 0.003, 0.023, and 0.019, respectively). The values of all parameters were lower in the study group than in the control group. There was also a statistically significant difference in the anterior elevation parameters of the cornea between groups (p < 0.05). The mean values of Group 1 were higher than those of Group 2. There were statistically significant differences in the two parameters referring to the posterior elevation of the cornea between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that eyes with TDS have thinner CCT, lower CV, and different anterior corneal curvature than normal eyes.
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    Deneysel Travmatik Katarakt Modelinde Aposinin Etkinliğinin Araştırılması
    (2017) Polat, Nihat; Özer, Murat Atabey; Parlakpınar, Hakan; Vardı, Nigar; Gündüz, Abuzer; Çolak, Cemil; Çolak, Cemil
    Öz: Amaç: Yeni bir travmatik katarakt modeli oluşturmak ve nikotinamid adenin dinükleotid fosfat (indirgenmiş) oksidaz inhibitörü olan aposinin molekülünün travmatik katarakt üzerine olan etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma için erişkin ve sağlıklı Yeni Zelanda cinsi tavşanlar kullanıldı. Yirmi bir tavşan eşit olarak üç gruba ayrıldı. 1. Grup: Kontrol grubu, 2. Grup: Santral 5 mm ön kapsülün künt spatül ile süpürülerek (polisaj) katarakt (perforasyonsuz) oluşturulup ilaçsız bırakılan grup, 3. Grup: Santral 5 mm ön kapsülün künt spatül ile polisaj yapılarak katarakt (perforasyonsuz) oluşturulup 21 gün boyunca intraperitoneal 20 mg/kg/gün aposinin verilen grup idi. Tavşanlara günlük olarak biyomikroskobik muayene yapıldı. Katarakt varlığı ve ilk oluşum zamanları kayıt edildi. Yirmi birinci gün kataraktlı bölge çapları ölçüldü. Ötanazi sonrası lens çıkarılarak kapsüler histopatolojik incelemeler yapıldı. Bulgular: Kontrol grubundaki hiçbir tavşanda katarakt oluşumu gözlenmez iken, 2 ve 3. Gruptaki bütün tav- şanlarda travmatik kataraktın 7. günde başladığı saptandı. Oluşan kataraktların 21. gündeki çapları 2. Grupta ortalama 7,6±0,5 mm, 3. Grupta ise ortalama 3,4±0,5 mm idi ve sonuç istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p= 0,0001). Sonuç: Günümüze kadar deneysel travmatik katarakt modelleri lens kapsülünün perfore edilmesi ile yapılıyordu. Bu çalışmada, ilk defa kapsül perforasyonu yapmadan travmatik katarakt modeli oluşturuldu. Kullanılan aposinin molekülünün katarakt gelişimini tam olarak engelleyemediği, ancak anlamlı şekilde katarakt progresyonunu azalttığı saptandı.
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    Difficult airway management of a child with Blepharophimosis Syndrome: Case report
    (2018) Ozkan, Ahmet Selim; Polat, Nihat; Akbas, Sedat; Koylu, Zeynep; Durmus, Mahmut
    Blepharophimosis syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by eyelid malformations, and abnormal facial morphology. Flat and wide nasal roots, short neck, restricted mouth opening and neck extension, characteristic facial appearance, microcephaly and micrognathia make airway management of patients with BS important for anesthesiologists. Due to systemic pathologies and craniofacial anomalies, difficult airway may be seen in these patients and anesthesia management is important in patients with BS. Because of the difficult airway risk, it is important to determine the anesthetic method and make the necessary preparations. In this case report, we aimed to present difficult airway management of a patient with BS who underwent surgery for ocular disorders. This case report is the second case presented by successful airway management in general anesthesia practice
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    Difficult airway management of a child with Blepharophimosis Syndrome: Case report
    (İnönü Üniversitesi Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi, 2018) Özkan, Ahmet Selim; Polat, Nihat; Akbas, Sedat; Köylü, Zeynep; Durmus, Mahmut
    Öz: Blepharophimosis syndrome (BS) is a rare autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by eyelid malformations, and abnormal facial morphology. Flat and wide nasal roots, short neck, restricted mouth opening and neck extension, characteristic facial appearance, microcephaly and micrognathia make airway management of patients with BS important for anesthesiologists. Due to systemic pathologies and craniofacial anomalies, difficult airway may be seen in these patients and anesthesia management is important in patients with BS. Because of the difficult airway risk, it is important to determine the anesthetic method and make the necessary preparations. In this case report, we aimed to present difficult airway management of a patient with BS who underwent surgery for ocular disorders. This case report is the second case presented by successful airway management in general anesthesia practice.
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    The Effect of Chronic Alcoholism on the Conjunctival Flora
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2016) Gunduz, Goksel; Gunduz, Abuzer; Polat, Nihat; Cumurcu, Birgul Elbozan; Yakupogullari, Yusuf
    Aim: We aimed to investigate the effect of alcohol abuse on the conjunctival flora.Materials and methods: The cases were evaluated as two groups. The study group consisted of 55 heavy-drinking males diagnosed with alcohol abuse, while the control group consisted of 55 males without a history of alcohol abuse. Samples were taken from the inferior fornix conjunctiva with sterile cotton-tipped swabs (Amies transport medium) for culture. The samples were inoculated into blood agar, chocolate agar, eosine methylene blue agar and Saboraud-Dextrose agar (Oxoid/UK) with the dilution method.Results: The microorganisms that grew in study group subjects were Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus (CNS) in 30 (54.5%), Staphylococcus aureus in 14 (25.5%), Moraxella spp. in 3 (5.5%), Streptococcus spp. in 3 (5.5), Bacillus spp. in 3 (5.5%), Corynebacterium spp. in 3 (5.5%), Candida spp. in 3 (5.5%), Haemophilus spp. in 2 (3.6%), Acinetobacter spp. in 2 (3.6%), Neisseria spp. in 1 (1.8%) and Micrococcus spp. in 1 (1.8%). The results for control group were CNS in 31 (56.4%), Bacillus spp. in 7 (12.7%), S. aureus in 5 (9.1%), and Corynebacterium spp. in 2 (3.6%). Moraxella spp., Streptococcus spp., Candida spp., Haemophilus spp., Acinetobacter spp., Neisseria spp. and Micrococcus spp. microorganisms grew in the conjunctival flora samples of the study group but not in the control group. S. aureus colonization was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: The S. aureus colonization rate was statistically significantly higher in the study group. Some microorganisms only grew in the conjunctival flora samples of the study group. These findings indicate that the conjunctival flora in persons with chronic alcoholism is different than the normal population.
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    Effect of Cycloplegia on Keratometric and Biometric Parameters in Keratoconus
    (Hindawi Ltd, 2016) Polat, Nihat; Gunduz, Abuzer
    Purpose. To obtain information about effect of cycloplegia on keratometry and biometry in keratoconus. Methods. 48 keratoconus (Group 1) and 52 healthy subjects (Group 2) were included in the study. We measured the flat meridian of the anterior corneal surface (K1), steep meridian of the anterior corneal surface (K2), lens thickness (LT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and axial length (AL) using the Lenstar LS 900 before and after cycloplegia. Results. The median K1 in Group 1 was 45.64 D before and 45.42D after cycloplegia, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The median K2 in Group 1 was 50.96 D before and 50.17 D after cycloplegia, and the difference was significant (P < 0.05). The median K1 and K2 in Group 2 were 42.84 and 44.49 D, respectively, before cycloplegia, and 42.84 and 44.56 Dafter cycloplegia, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). There were significant differences in SE, LT, ACD, and RLP between before and after cycloplegia in either Group 1 (all P < 0.05) or Group 2 (all P < 0.05). There were not statistically significant differences in AL between before cycloplegia and after cycloplegia in either Group 1 (P = 0.533) or group 2 (P = 0.529). Conclusions. Flattened corneal curvature and increase in ACD following cycloplegia in keratoconus patients were detected.
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    The effect of intracameral bevacizumab on current hyphema
    (2019) Polat, Nihat; Ozkan, Ahmet Selim; Parlakpınar, Hakan; Akpolat, Nusret
    Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intracameral bevacizumab on the current hyphema.Material and Methods: The animals were assigned to the following 4 groups; Group 1: One 2.5 mg bevacizumab injection to theanterior chamber; Group 2: One 1.25 mg bevacizumab injection to the anterior chamber; Group 3: One 1cc balanced salt solutioninjection to the anterior chamber; and Group 4: Untreated hyphema group. Non-heparinized blood that obtained from the rabbit earwas used to fill the anterior chamber to create total hyphema. Intraocular pressures (IOP), hyphema resorption time, clot formation,peripheral synechia formation, and corneal staining were recorded.Results: IOP results were 26±1.2, 30±2.1, 24±2.9, and 22±0.0 mm Hg for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and were significantlyhigher in group 2 than in the other groups (p= 0.001). Resorption times of hyphema were 13±2.2, 13±3.2, 9±1.7, and 9±1.6 days forgroups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and were significantly longer for the groups receiving bevacizumab than for the others (p=0.018).The clot formation scores were 0.16±0.41, 0.14±0.38, 0.86±0.38, and 1.0±0.0 for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and weresignificantly lower for the groups receiving bevacizumab than in the other groups (p= 0.002). The peripheral synechia formationscores were 0.0±0.0, 0.0±0.0, 0.43±0.53, and 0.50±0.54 for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and were not significantly different (p=0.213). The corneal staining scores were 0.85±0.35, 0.86±0.38, 0.14±0.38, and 0.14±0.38 for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, andwere significantly higher for the groups receiving bevacizumab (p= 0.035).Conclusion: Intracameral bevacizumab may increase complications that related current hyphema.
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    The effect of intracameral bevacizumab on current hyphema
    (2019) Polat, Nihat; Ozkan, Ahmet Selim; Akbas, Sedat; Parlakpinar, Hakan; Akpolat, Nusret
    Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intracameral bevacizumab on the current hyphema. Material and Methods: The animals were assigned to the following 4 groups; Group 1: One 2.5 mg bevacizumab injection to the anterior chamber; Group 2: One 1.25 mg bevacizumab injection to the anterior chamber; Group 3: One 1cc balanced salt solution injection to the anterior chamber; and Group 4: Untreated hyphema group. Non-heparinized blood that obtained from the rabbit ear was used to fill the anterior chamber to create total hyphema. Intraocular pressures (IOP), hyphema resorption time, clot formation, peripheral synechia formation, and corneal staining were recorded. Results: IOP results were 26±1.2, 30±2.1, 24±2.9, and 22±0.0 mm Hg for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and were significantly higher in group 2 than in the other groups (p= 0.001). Resorption times of hyphema were 13±2.2, 13±3.2, 9±1.7, and 9±1.6 days for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and were significantly longer for the groups receiving bevacizumab than for the others (p=0.018). The clot formation scores were 0.16±0.41, 0.14±0.38, 0.86±0.38, and 1.0±0.0 for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and were significantly lower for the groups receiving bevacizumab than in the other groups (p= 0.002). The peripheral synechia formation scores were 0.0±0.0, 0.0±0.0, 0.43±0.53, and 0.50±0.54 for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and were not significantly different (p= 0.213). The corneal staining scores were 0.85±0.35, 0.86±0.38, 0.14±0.38, and 0.14±0.38 for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, and were significantly higher for the groups receiving bevacizumab (p= 0.035). Conclusion: Intracameral bevacizumab may increase complications that related current hyphema.
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    The effect of sevoflurane anesthesia on the corneal endothel
    (Turgut Özal Tıp Merkezi Dergisi, 2017) Polat, Nihat; Özkan, Ahmet Selim; Gündüz, Abuzer; Ulucan, Pamuk Betul; Çolak, Cemil
    Aim: To evaluate the mean changes in corneal endothelial cells in eyes that operated under sevoflurane general anesthesia. Material and Methods: 32 eyes of 32 patients who had extraocular surgery under general anesthesia included in this prospective study. Cell density (CD), Coefficient of Variation (CV) and Hexagonality rate (Hex) specular microscopy results at before surgery and 1 week and 1 month after surgery were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 15 ± 10 (min 4- max 36). The mean operation time of the patients was 90 ± 15 minutes. The mean preoperative CD value of the study subjects was 3097±15 cell/mm2. The mean postoperative CD value was 3119±194 cell/mm2 at the 1.week and 3120±207 cell/mm2 at the 1.month (p=0.678). The mean preoperative CV was 0.27±0.4 while the postoperative 1. week value was 0.27±0.4, and the postoperative 1st month value was 0.27±0.5 (p=0.319). The mean preoperative Hex value of the study subjects was 53±10%. The mean postoperative Hex value was 54±11% at the 1.week and 55±10% at the 1.month (p=0.992). No significant difference was present between the periods in terms of CD, CV and Hex. Conclusion: There is no change in the corneal endothel in patients who suffered general anesthesia with sevoflurane. Keywords: General Anesthesia; Corneal Endothel; Sevoflurane.
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    The Effect of Sevoflurane Anesthesia on the Corneal Endothelium
    (2017) Polat, Nihat; Ozkan, Ahmet Selim; Gunduz, Abuzer; Ulucan, Pamuk Betul; Colak, Cemil
    Aim: To evaluate the mean changes in corneal endothelial cells in eyes that operated under sevoflurane general anesthesia.