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    Cerebral Blood Flow Volume Using Color Duplex Sonography in Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome
    (Turkish League Against Rheumatism, 2018) Kaya, Arzu; Akgol, Gurkan; Gulkesen, Arif; Poyraz, Ahmet Kursad; Yildirim, Tulay; Atmaca, Murad
    Objectives: This study aims to evaluate cerebral blood flow using color duplex Doppler ultrasonography in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Patients and methods: The study included 30 female patients with FMS (mean age 42.3 years; range 22 to 59 years) and 30 female healthy controls (mean age 39.6 years; range 22 to 56 years). Color duplex Doppler ultrasonography imaging was performed with an EPIQ 5 unit equipped with a multi-frequency linear probe (3-12 MHz) in the supine position. Severity of pain, fatigue, and the patient's and physician's global assessments of disease were evaluated on a visual analog scale. The Symptom Severity Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Evaluation Scale, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire were also implemented to assess disease severity. Results: Cerebral blood flow volume and bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) volumes were not significantly higher in FMS patients compared to controls. Bilateral ICA and VA diameters were similar between FMS patients and controls. Bilateral mean peak systolic velocities and end diastolic velocities in the common carotid arteries, ICAs and VAs were similar in both groups. A significant correlation between symptom severity parameter and the cerebral blood flow volume was noted in FMS patients. Conclusion: Cerebral blood flow volume, ICA flow, and VA flow do not appear to increase, and are correlated with only Symptom Severity Scale among other clinical parameters reflecting disease severity in patients with FMS.
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    Cerebral Blood Flow Volume Using Color Duplex Sonography in Patients With Fibromyalgia Syndrome
    (Turkısh league agaınst rheumatısm, talatpasa bulvarı dumlupınar cad 40 3 cebecı dortyol, ankara, 06100, turkey, 2018) Kaya, Arzu; Akgol, Gurkan; Gulkesen, Arif; Poyraz, Ahmet Kursad; Yildirim, Tulay; Atmaca, Murad
    Objectives: This study aims to evaluate cerebral blood flow using color duplex Doppler ultrasonography in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). Patients and methods: The study included 30 female patients with FMS (mean age 42.3 years; range 22 to 59 years) and 30 female healthy controls (mean age 39.6 years; range 22 to 56 years). Color duplex Doppler ultrasonography imaging was performed with an EPIQ 5 unit equipped with a multi-frequency linear probe (3-12 MHz) in the supine position. Severity of pain, fatigue, and the patient's and physician's global assessments of disease were evaluated on a visual analog scale. The Symptom Severity Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, Hamilton Depression Evaluation Scale, and Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire were also implemented to assess disease severity. Results: Cerebral blood flow volume and bilateral internal carotid artery (ICA) and vertebral artery (VA) volumes were not significantly higher in FMS patients compared to controls. Bilateral ICA and VA diameters were similar between FMS patients and controls. Bilateral mean peak systolic velocities and end diastolic velocities in the common carotid arteries, ICAs and VAs were similar in both groups. A significant correlation between symptom severity parameter and the cerebral blood flow volume was noted in FMS patients. Conclusion: Cerebral blood flow volume, ICA flow, and VA flow do not appear to increase, and are correlated with only Symptom Severity Scale among other clinical parameters reflecting disease severity in patients with FMS.
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    Is 4-Hydroxynonenal a Predictive Parameter for the Development of Joint Erosion in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis?
    (Turkish League Against Rheumatism, 2016) Akgtol, Gurkan; Ulusoy, Hasan; Telo, Selda; Guslkesen, Arif; Yildirim, Tulay; Poyraz, Ahmet Kursad; Kaya, Arzu
    Objectives: This study aims to evaluate serum 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) levels and its clinical and radiological significance in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients and methods: The study included 40 patients (8 males, 32 females; mean age 51.4 +/- 11.2 years; range 24 to 72 years) with RA and 30 healthy controls (8 males, 32 females; mean age 53.0 +/- 11.7 years; range 24 to 72 years. Serum 4-HNE levels were measured using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Patients with disease activity score 28 <= 3.2 and >3.2 were allocated into low and high/moderate disease activity groups, respectively. Additionally, patients were divided into two groups as early RA (disease duration <= 2 years) and established RA (disease duration >= 2 years). Functional disability was evaluated using health assessment questionnaire. Radiographs were scored using the modified Larsen scoring. Results: Serum 4-HNE levels in patients with RA were significantly higher than controls (p=0.001). Serum 4-HNE levels did not correlate with laboratory or clinical parameters of disease activity including erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, disease activity score 28, and health assessment questionnaire. Serum 4-HNE levels were higher in patients with established RA than patients with early RA (r=0.487, p=0.001). Besides, modified Larsen score which indicates structural damage correlated significantly with serum 4-HNE levels (p=0.001). Conclusion: These results indicate that serum 4-HNE levels may be used as an indicator for structural damage such as erosions in the early stage of RA; however, they are not efficient to monitor disease activity.