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    Fall related self efficacy: A significant barrier for physical activity in ambulatory multiple sclerosis patients
    (2019) Fil Balkan, Ayla; Salci, Yeliz
    Aim: Increasing the level of physical activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is very important to cope with the symptoms associated with disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychosocial and physical barriers related to physical activities in MS patients.Material and Methods: Fifty four MS patients who were able to walk at least 100 meters without walking aids were enrolled in this study. The patients were evaluated for their level of physical activity, walking distance, severity of pain and fatigue, fall related self-efficacy and their level of social support.Results: There were no correlation was found between the level of physical activity and the negative symptoms of pain and fatigue (rho: 0.-256 p: 0.06- rho: -0.218 p: 0.112 respectively). While the correlation of the level of physical activity with the level of ambulation was low, that of the fall related self-efficacy was found to be moderate (rho: -0.590, p=0.000). Additionally, no correlation was found with the level of social support (rho: -0.185, p=0.181). Conclusion: Pain and fatigue alone do not effect physical activity level in MS patients. However, fall related self-efficacy is a significant predictor of physical activity. It should not be ignored in programs aimed towards increasing physical activity.
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    Öğe
    Reliability and validity of the community balance and mobility scale in individuals with multiple sclerosis
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2025) Ozbas, Ezgi; Balkan, Ayla Fil; Salci, Yeliz; Akyol, Betul; Ozen, Nazire Pinar Acar; Tuncer, Meryem Asli
    Aims This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB&M) in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Methods A total of 65 PwMS (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) <= 5.5) were included in the study. Test-retest, internal consistency (item-total score correlation, Cronbach's alpha coefficient) intra-rater, and inter-rater reliability were investigated for the reliability of the CB&M. For intra-rater and inter-rater reliability, CB&M measurements of 34 PwMS were videotaped. The validity of the CB&M was assessed through criterion (predictive and concurrent validity) and construct validity. Construct validity was evaluated using hypothesis testing which included examining correlations with EDSS, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Dynamic Gait Index (DGI). Results Test-retest reliability demonstrated a good to excellent correlation (ICC = 0.995, p < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha was 0.971 (p < 0.001). Intra-rater (ICC = 0.993, p < 0.001) and inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.986, p < 0.001) of the CB&M were also good to excellent. Cohen's kappa range values of the scale vary between 0.958 - 0.665, and the percentage agreement varies between 97% and 75%. For the convergent validity of CB&M, strong correlations were observed with EDSS (r=-0.831, p < 0.001), TUG (r=-0.854, p < 0.001), and DGI (r = 0.865, p < 0.001). Additionally, the CB&M demonstrated an excellent correlation with the BBS (r = 0.907, p < 0.001). The scale exhibited no floor-ceiling effect. Conclusion CB&M is a reliable and valid tool for assessing balance and mobility in PwMS and offers significant advantages for evaluating balance in PwMS, as it provides comprehensive information about the balance and mobility requirements essential for community living.