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    Letter to the editor: a rarely isolated gram-negative bacterium in microbiology laboratories: leclercia adecarboxylata
    (Akademiai Kiado Rt., 2018) Çiçek, M.; Tuncer, Ö.; Biçakçigil, A; Gürsoy, N.C.; Otlu, B.; Sancak, B.
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    Prevalence of Candida africana and Candida dubliniensis, in vulvovaginal candidiasis: First Turkish Candida africana isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis
    (Masson Editeur, 2017) Hazirolan, G.; Altun, H. U.; Gumral, R.; Gursoy, N. C.; Otlu, B.; Sancak, B.
    Introduction. Candida africana and C. dubliniensis are closely related species of C. albicans. Current phenotypic methods are not suitable to accurately distinguish all the species belonging to the C. albicans complex. Several molecular-based methods have recently been designed for discriminating among closely related Candida species. The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of C. dubliniensis and C. africana in vulvovaginal samples with phenotypic and genotypic methods. Materials and Methods. We re-examined 376 vulvovaginal C. albicans complex isolates. All the isolates were identified with morphological features and HWP1 gene polymorphisms. ITS and D1 /D2 sequencing, carbohydrate assimilation, MALDI-TOF MS profiles and antifungal susceptibilities were evaluated for C. africana and C. dubliniensis isolates. Results. Of the 376 isolates, three C. africana and three C. dubliniensis isolates (0.8% and 0.8% prevalence, respectively) were identified by molecular methods (HPW1, ITS and Dl /D2) Phenotypically, C. africana differed from C. albicans and C. dubliniensis by formation of no/rare pseudohyphae, absence of chlamydospores and, the development of turquoise green colonies on CHROMagar. MALDI-TOF MS and API ID 32 C could not revealed C. africana isolates. C. africana and C. dubliniensis isolates showed very low MIC values for all the tested antifungals. Discussion. This first report of C. africana from Turkey provides additional data for epidemiological, phenotypic features and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles. This study also highlights the importance of using genotypic methods in combination with phenotypic methods. (C) 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.