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    Composition and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch. and Achillea lycaonica Boiss & Heldr.
    (Chemical Publishing Co., 2008) Azaz A.D.; Arabaci T.; Sangun M.K.; Yildiz B.
    The genus Achillea (Asteraceae) is represented by 42 species (48 taxa) in Turkey and 22 of which are endemic to Turkey. Achillea wilhelmsii and Achillea lycaonica collected from different localities in Turkey, were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield essential oils which were subsequently analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main constituents of the oils were identified and antimicrobial bioassays were applied. Camphor (39.62 %) was the main component in the oil of Achillea wilhelmsii. The oil of Achillea lycaonica contained L-camphor (43.19 %) as main constituent. All tested microorganisms were inhibited by the essential oils. On the other hand both essential oils showed strong antifungal activity against Alternaria brassicola than other tested microfungi.
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    Essential oil composition and antimicrobial activities of achillea biserrata M. Bieb. and achillea salicifolia besser subsp. salicifolia collected in Turkey
    (Chemical Publishing Co., 2009) Azaz A.D.; Arabaci T.; Sangun M.K.
    Aerial parts of Achillea biserrata (collected from Gumushane between Trabzon) and A. salicifolia subsp. salicifolia (collected from Ardahan between Gole) were subjected to hydrodistillation to yield their essential oils and were analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The main compo- nents of tested essential oils were camphor (36.80-55.26 %), 1,8-cineol (19.35-22.75 %), camphene (16.41-3.23 %) and artemisia alcohol (14.28-3.17 %), respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of tested essential oils were evaluated against Escherichia coli ATCC 25292, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Proteus vulgaris NRRL 123, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Enterobacter aemgenes NRRL 3567, Listeria monocystogenes ATCC 7644, Serratia marcescens, Candida albicans, Penicilliwn expansum, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger and Alternaria brassicola. All tested bacteria and Candida albicans were inhibited by the essential oils. The essential oils showed weak antifungal activity against all microfungi tested. Nevertheless, it is found that P. expansum was not inhibited by any essential oils used in this study. Aspergillus niger was also not inhibited by A biserrata. Alternaria brassicola was the most sensitive microfungi against all the tested essential oils.