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    Does emotional freedom techniques affect premenstrual syndrome? A randomized controlled study
    (Wiley, 2025) Ozsahin, Zeliha; Santur, Sinem Guven; Ay, cigdem Karakayali; Derya, Yesim Aksoy
    Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effect of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on the severity of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Methods: The study was conducted as a randomized controlled trial, with a premenstrual syndrome sample comprising 78 single female students of reproductive age presenting with PMS complaints (40 in the experimental group and 38 in the control group). Students in the experimental group were interviewed individually in the week before their menstrual cycle and received two EFT sessions with a 3-day interval. Results: The participants in the experimental group had higher post-test subjective units of experience (SUE) mean scores (experimental group mean 7.8 +/- 1.7; control group mean 0.5 +/- 5.7) and lower post-test PMS total (experimental group mean 76.8 +/- 30.1; control group mean 127.4 +/- 34.6) and subscale mean scores than the students in the control group, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In repeated measures analysis, time-dependent change showed statistical significance between the groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The EFT was found to be an effective non-pharmacologic intervention for coping with PMS.
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    Effect of emotional freedom techniques on anxiety, surgical fear and birth perception in planned caesareans: A randomised controlled trial
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2026) Okyay, Esra Karatas; Santur, Sinem Guven; Ozsahin, Zeliha; Derya, Yesim Aksoy
    Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) applied before cesarean section on anxiety, surgical fear and perception of traumatic birth. Method: This randomized controlled trial was conducted with 106 pregnant women (53 EFT, 53 control) at the pregnancy outpatient clinic of a public hospital in eastern T & uuml;rkiye who were going to give birth by planned cesarean section. Personal Information Form, State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-I), Surgical Fear Scale (SFQ), Traumatic Birth Perception Scale (TBPS) and Subjective Experiences Scale (SUE) were used to obtain the data. Pregnant women in the experimental group received two EFT sessions one week apart, from the researchers. The control group did not receive any intervention. Descriptive statistics, Pearson chi-square test, t-test for dependent and independent groups, ANCOVA and repeated measures analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Results: It was determined that the mean scores of the pregnant women in the experimental and control groups who would give birth by planned cesarean section were similar in the pretest phase (p > 0.05). After the EFT sessions applied to the pregnant women in the experimental group, it was found that the mean total scores of STAI-I, SFQ, and TBPS were statistically significantly lower and the mean SUE score was higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that EFT applied to pregnant women who will give birth by planned cesarean section decreased state anxiety, surgical fear and traumatic birth perception.
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    The Effects of Emotional Freedom Techniques Implemented During Early Pregnancy on Nausea-Vomiting Severity and Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc, 2024) Santur, Sinem Guven; Ozsahin, Zeliha
    Objective: This randomized controlled trial investigated the effect of emotional freedom techniques (EFT) on the severity of nausea-vomiting and anxiety in early pregnancy. Design: The sample consisted of 131 pregnant women in the experimental and control groups between 6 and 16 weeks of pregnancy attending an antenatal clinic. Participants were randomly assigned to receive training on EFT or a control group. Data were collected using a personal information form, subjective experiences, the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire, and the Pregnancy-Unique Quantification of Emesis. Both groups attended two visits, a week apart. The participants in the EFT group received a session of EFT at each visit and completed two EFT sessions as home assignments, 2 and 4 days after the first visit. The participants in the control group attended two visits a week apart and completed assessments but did not receive EFT. Results: There were 55 women in each group who completed the study, and the groups were similar in terms of baseline measures, including socioeconomic status, smoking status, previous pregnancy, severity of nausea-vomiting, and total pregnancy-related anxiety. EFT significantly reduced anxiety levels from the baseline to the second session (fear of delivery, worries about bearing a handicapped child, concern about one's own appearance) and total pregnancy-related anxiety (total pretest 29.85 +/- 9.87, post-test 20.67 +/- 8.38; p < 0.001), while the control group showed no reduction in pregnancy-related anxiety (total pretest 26.1 +/- 7.79, post-test 25.98 +/- 8.49; p = 0.933). Although nausea-vomiting was reduced in both groups over the two-session period, at the end of treatment, the EFT group had significantly lower nausea intensity (EFT group 4.4 +/- 1.81, control group 5.36 +/- 2.48; p = 0.02). Conclusions: EFT is a nonpharmacologic intervention that can be effective in reducing nausea, vomiting, and anxiety in early pregnancy.
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    The relationship of birth memory with anxiety and fatigue in postpartum women experiencing earthquake: The case of the Kahramanmaras earthquake
    (Wiley, 2025) Ozsahin, Zeliha; Nacar, Gulcin; Santur, Sinem Guven; Derya, Yesim Aksoy; Firat, Hatice
    Objective The study was conducted to investigate the relationship between birth memory and anxiety and fatigue in postnatal women who had experienced an earthquake. Methods The study, which used a descriptive and relational screening model, was conducted on women who gave birth in a public hospital after the Kahramanmara & scedil; earthquake. A total of 365 postpartum women participated in the study. The Personal Information Form, the Birth Memory and Recall Scale, the State Anxiety Scale, and the Fatigue Rating Scale were used to obtain the data. Results It was found that there was a significant positive correlation between the mean total score of the birth memory and recall scale and the mean score of the fatigue scale, and there was a significant correlation between the mean scores of the emotional memory, memory centrality, and involuntary recall subscales and the mean score of anxiety level (beta = 0.275, P = 0.001; beta = 0.176, P = 0.001; beta = -0.169 P = 0.004; beta = -0.208, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion It was found that birth memory and recall were significantly associated with the level of fatigue; and emotional memory, centrality of memory, and involuntary recall sub-dimensions were significantly associated with the level of anxiety in postnatal mothers who had experienced an earthquake.
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    Turkish Validityand ReliabilityStudyofthe Negative Menstrual Attitudes Assessment Scale: A methodological study
    (Marmara Univ, Inst Health Sciences, 2025) Ozsahin, Zeliha; Santur, Sinem Guven; Derya, Yesim Aksoy
    Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the validity and reliability of the Negative Menstrual Attitudes Assessment Scale (NMAS) in T & uuml;rkiye. The NMAS is a scale that evaluates women's negative attitudes towards menstruation.. Methods: This study employed a methodological approach and concentrated on female students registered in the Faculty of Health Sciences at a public institution from June to August 2023. The scale underwent a three-phase Turkish adaption procedure, comprising linguistic validity, content validity, and a pilot implementation. The pilot research had a cohort of 30 individuals. Following this, construct validity was assessed using Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Furthermore, assessments were performed to evaluate reliability, encompassing Cronbach's alpha internal consistency coefficient, item-total correlation, test-retest analysis, and ROC analysis for determining cut-off scores. Results: According to the EFA analysis, which confirmed the validity of the 15-item scale, it was determined that no items had factor loadings below 0.30. The subsequent CFA analysis validated the three-factor structure of the NMAS, exhibiting good fit indices. The resultant 15-item scale consists of three sub-dimensions: Debilitating Event, Bothersome Event, and Natural Event. The internal consistency coefficient of NMAS, as determined by Cronbach's alpha, was 0.861, 0.855, 0.784, and 0.772 forthe overall measure and its sub-dimensions, respectively. Moreover, the item-total correlation and test-retest analysis of the scale demonstrate a robust association. Conclusion: A rigorous and accurate instrument has been created to evaluate unfavorable menstruation attitudes among women in Turkish culture. The scale demonstrated robust psychometric properties, confirming its validity and reliability for assessing negative menstrual attitudes in Turkish culture.