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    New Anti-Seizure (Arylalkyl)azole Derivatives: Synthesis, In Vivo and In Silico Studies
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2017) Sari, Suat; Dalkara, Sevim; Kaynak, Filiz Betul; Reynisson, Johannes; Sarac, Selma; Karakurt, Arzu
    (Arylalkyl)azoles are a class of antiepileptic compounds including nafimidone, denzimol, and loreclezole (LRZ). Nafimidone and denzimol are thought to inhibit voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) and enhance -aminobutyric acid (GABA)-mediated response. LRZ, a positive allosteric modulator of A-type GABA receptors (GABA(A)Rs), was reported to be sensitive to Asn265 of the 2/3 subunit. Here, we report new N-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethylidene]hydroxylamine esters showing anticonvulsant activity in animal models, including the 6-Hz psychomotor seizure test, a model for therapy-resistant partial seizure. We performed molecular docking studies for our active compounds using GABA(A)R and VGSC homology models. They predicted high affinity to the benzodiazepine binding site of GABA(A)R in line with the experimental results. Also, the binding mode and interactions of LRZ in its putative allosteric binding site of GABA(A)R is elucidated.
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    Potent Antimicrobial Azoles: Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Study
    (Mdpi, 2024) Ozdemir, Zeynep; Zenni, Yaren Nur; Karakurt, Arzu; Sari, Suat; Sarac, Selma; Akdag, Mevluet; Merde, Irem Bozbey
    Background/Objectives: The increase in fungal infections, both systemic and invasive, is a major source of morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised people such as cancer patients and organ transplant recipients. Because of their strong therapeutic activity and excellent safety profiles, azole antifungals are currently the most extensively used systemic antifungal drugs. Antibacterial properties of various topical antifungals, such as oxiconazole, which features oxime ether functionality, were discovered, indicating an exciting prospect in antimicrobial chemotherapy. Methods: In this study, eleven new oxime ether derivatives with the azole scaffold (5a-k) were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial effects using the microdilution method to obtain broad-spectrum hits. Results: Although the title compounds showed limited efficacy against Candida species, they proved highly effective against dermatophytes. Compounds 5c and 5h were the most potent derivatives against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Arthroderma quadrifidum, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than those of the reference drug, griseofulvin. The MIC of 5c and 5h were 0.491 mu g/mL and 0.619 mu g/mL against T. mentagrophytes (MIC of griseofulvin: 2.52 mu g/mL). The compounds were also tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Briefly, 5c was the most active against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values much better than that of ciprofloxacin (MIC of 5c = 1.56 mu g/mL and 1.23 mu g/mL, MIC of ciprofloxacin = 31.49 and 125.99 mu g/mL, respectively). Molecular docking suggested a good fit in the active site of fungal lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) and bacterial FtsZ (Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z) protein. Conclusions: As a result, the title compounds emerged as promising entities with broad antifungal and antibacterial effects, highlighting the utility of oxime ether function in the azole scaffold.
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    Synthesis, anticonvulsant activity, and molecular modeling studies of novel 1-phenyl/1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-triazol-1-yl)ethanol ester derivatives
    (Springer Birkhauser, 2018) Dogan, Inci Selin; Ozdemir, Zeynep; Sari, Suat; Bozbey, Irem; Karakurt, Arzu; Sarac, Selma
    A series of new ester derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of various acids with 1-phenyl/1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-triazol-1-yl)ethanol and in vivo screened for their anticonvulsant activity. The title compounds were screened against MES and ScM seizure tests according to a modified version of the Epilepsy Therapy Screening Program (ETSP) protocol of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Their neurotoxic effects were evaluated by the rotarod test. All the compounds showed protection against MES and/or ScM-induced seizures at 30 mg/kg without neurotoxicity. More compounds were found active in the ScM test and at lower dose than the MES test. Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic profiles of the compounds were predicted by QikProp. Using molecular docking approach we tried to get insights into their possible anticonvulsant mechanisms.