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    High-performance symmetric supercapacitor enabled by MXene-based tungsten disulfide (V2CTx/WS2) composites
    (Elsevier, 2026) Iqbal, Muhammad Ahsan; Arshad, Muhammad; Zafar, Naveed; Amjad, Nouman; Sarwar, Sakhi Ghulam; Altin, Sardar; Haleem, Yasir A.
    The growing demand for high-performance and durable energy storage systems has intensified research into advanced electrode materials with high capacitance, rapid charge-discharge capability, and long cycle life. MXenes and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess complementary electrochemical and structural properties, making their hybrid architectures highly promising for supercapacitor applications. This study focuses on the synthesis of a series of V2CTX/WS2 composites by employing an inexpensive ultrasonication technique for supercapacitor device. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that V2CTX, WS2 and V2CTX/WS2 composites have crystallized hexagonal structure within space group P63mmc. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the embedding of WS2 sheets within the layers of V2CTX MXene and provides insight into their elemental composition. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the successful incorporation of WS2 filler into V2CTX MXene, confirming the surface chemistry and chemical interactions within the composite. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves were found perfectly rectangular and showed no distortion even at higher scan rates, confirming the non-faradic behavior. The galvanostatic charge-discharge profile of the V2CTX/WS2 (15 wt% WS2) composite showed a highest specific capacitance of 1216.34 F g-1 at 1 Ag-1 in 1 M KOH. The specific capacitance of composite is 4.07 folds the specific capacitance of pure V2CTx MXene in case of three-electrode-cell. The specific capacitance of fabricated symmetric supercapacitor device found 312.5 F g-1at 1 Ag-1 with capacity retention of 82.31 % and coulombic efficiency of 89.6 % after 6000 cycles. This study highlights the exceptional potential of V2CTX/WS2 composites for energy storage devices, making them well-suited to meet the requirements of high-power applications.