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    Living With HIV as a Medical Situation in Multiple Stigmatization Conditions The Experiences of the People Living With HIV in Health Care Services in Turkey
    (Turkish Medical Association, 2020) Şengül M.; Sayan M.; Hancioğlu F.; Canpolat Gökçe E.
    Stigmatization is a form of perception and attitude that is determined historically, and that is “constructed” in the unequal social relations including power relations in which could transformed into exclusivist actions. In cases multiple stigma are produced by associating with each other a stigma may have an effect that magnifying the effect of the other and increasing severity and continuty of the exclusion. Stigmatization continues even if one of the stigma objects that one of wich became the mark of the other is relatively normal. Stigmatization has a multi-actor and fluid structure. The effects of stigmatization units are spread to all dimensions of the life of individuals and groups while its focus are uncertain, because of the transitional relationships between the different spheres of social life (civic and political spheres). Stigmatizing attitudes and practices infiltrate to the services provided by the public and private sectors based on professional rules and principles too. In the original condition of societies, ways of life and identities what the hetero-patriarchal cultural structure calls “abnormal” and living with HIV (Human Immunodeficieny Virus) are co-stigmatized. Nowadays the conditions that transformed HIV into a stigma object have changed significantly by medical development and increased knowledge on it. It is important to see how the exclusion of people living with HIV (PLWH) is affected by this situation. We tried to understand it through a field research on stigma experiences of PLWH faced in the process of their health care in Turkey. Because of the difficulties of accessing to the PLWH and the sensitivity of the subject, we conducted survey study with incidental/convenience sampling techniques and unstructured face-to-face interviews with PLWH accessed by personal references. We worked with quantitative and qualitative analysis techniques to interpret the findings we obtained for the purpose of criticize the experience of stigmatization of the sample formed within the dynamics of research. © 2020, Turkish Medical Association. All rights reserved.