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    Application of ice and vapocoolant spray to reduce tetanus vaccine pain: A prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical study
    (2019) Akcimen, Mehmet; Bedel, Cihan; Selvi, Fatih
    Aim: Tetanus is one of the vaccine-preventable diseases, that threatens human health in our country and the world, and one of the most common symptoms after vaccination is localized pain. In this study, we aimed to compare the effectiveness of vapocoolant spray with ice application and control group in reducing the pain during vaccination. Material and Method: This prospective randomized controlled trial included 292 patients who received tetanus vaccination between January 1st, 2017 and April 1st, 2017 and who agreed to participate in the study. Patients were assigned to 3 groups. Before vaccination, vapocoolant spray was applied to Group 1 and ice was applied to Group 2, and application was directly performed to Group 3 (control). The pain at the time of vaccination and at injection was noted between 0-100 using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Results: Of the 315 patients included in the study, 292 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patients who were applied ice (5.3 ± 7.1) or vapocoolant spray (4.1 ± 5.4) at the time of intervention had statistically significantly lower VAS values than control group (8 ± 10.6) (p = 0.002; p <0.001, respectively). The mean VAS values during injection, in control patients and ice and vapocoolant spray applied patients were found to be as 9.5 ± 8.11; 6.3 ± 7.4; 11.5 ± 10.2, respectively. VAS values at injection were statistically significantly lower in ice-applied patients than in the control group (p = 0.039). Conclusions: Both ice and vapocoolant spray reduce pain occurred during tetanus vaccination compared to the control group. With easy and fast applicability, ice and vapocoolant spray can be used to reduce the pain during the tetanus vaccine.
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    Oxidant and antioxidant levels in patients diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome at the emergency department
    (2021) Tekkanat, Selma; Kozaci, Nalan; Avci, Mustafa; Selvi, Fatih; Yilmaz, Yavuz; Ellidag, Hamit Yasar
    Aim: The aim of this study is to compare high sensitive Troponin T (hs-TnT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), oxidative stress index (OSI), ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels and IMA/albumin ratios (IMAR) with the results of coronary angiography (CAG) in patients diagnosed with ACS at the emergency department. Materials and Methods: Over a period of nine months, patients that were diagnosed with ACS at the emergency department, admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit, subjected to percutaneous CAG and over the age of 18 were included in the study. Results: One hundred twenty five patients with suspected ACS and 52 healthy volunteers were included in the study. When the patients were evaluated with regards to the length of time between symptoms and arrival, TAC levels were found to decrease especially after the 6 th hour. There was no significant difference between TOC, OSI, IMA and IMAR values in this regard. Conclusion: In early-phase ACS, levels of TOC, OSI, IMA and IMAR rise from the 0th hour onwards. TAC levels gradually decrease after the early phase of ischemia. Therefore, oxidants and antioxidants can be used for early diagnosis of ischemia in ACS, as well as for estimating time of ischemia onset.