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    The Acute Effect of Prolonged Endurance Running on Hippocampal Subregions in Male Athletes
    (Int Journal Applied Exercise Physiology, 2020) Singin, Rabia Hurrem Ozdurak; Duz, Serkan
    Although the benefits of regular exercise have been known for several organs and systems, the effect on brain health is still under debate during aging. It has been widely accepted that type and duration of exercise play a critical role in the maintenance of cognitive function and memory. Ultramarathon (UM) has become a popular sport in recent years because of its benefits. This study aimed to determine the acute effect of 25 km half-marathon (HM) and 64 km UM on the hippocampus, especially on its subregions that are responsible for cognitive function and memory. A total of 15 healthy male runners aged between 40-60 years were grouped as HM (n=7) and UM (n=8). Brain scans were obtained with 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and after the race. Volumetric differences in the subregions of the hippocampus were compared by using a paired-sample t-test in HM and UM groups before and after the race. As a result, the volume of subiculum subregion was increased in both HM and UM groups, whereas volumetric increase in total hippocampus and CA1-3 subregions were observed only in the UM group. The volume of DG remained unchanged in both HM and UM groups after the race. It can be concluded that endurance running causes an increase in hippocampal volume in healthy male runners. However, a certain threshold is needed to stimulate the CA1-3 subregion of the hippocampus. In conclusion, endurance running may prevent age-dependent atrophy in the hippocampus which has a key role in cognitive function and memory.
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    Cortical and Subcortical Brain Volume Alterations Following Endurance Running at 38.6 km and 119.2 km in Male Athletes
    (Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2021) Singin, Rabia Hurrem Ozdurak; Duz, Serkan; Kiraz, Murat
    Background: Although several studies have shown that ultramarathon running causes severe physical and mental stress and harms organ systems, its effect on brain tissue remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the volumetric change of cortical and subcortical brain structures following 38.6-km and 119.8-km mountain races. Material/Methods: A total of 23 healthy male runners (age, 49.05 +/- 5.99 years) were classified as short-trail (ST; n=9) and ultra-trail (UT; n=14) endurance running. Pre- and post-test scanning of brain tissue was performed by using a 3-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pre- and post-race differences in cortical and subcortical volumes in the ST and UT groups were separately determined by Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Cortical gray matter (GM) and cerebral GM volume significantly increased after the race in both ST and UT groups, whereas the volume of the thalamus, caudate, pallidus, and hippocampus significantly increased only in the UT group. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white-matter (WM) volumes did not change after endurance running and remained unaltered in both groups. Conclusions: Endurance running has a site-specific acute effect on cortical and subcortical structures and may attenuate GM volume decrease in older adult male athletes. The increased volume of subcortical structures might be a response of physical exercise and additional physical stress experienced by ultramarathon runners.