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    An evaluation of patients with a previous endemic coronavirus infection during the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Wiley, 2021) Otlu, Baris; Yakupogullari, Yusuf; Tanriverdi, Elif S.; Bayindir, Yasar
    Few studies exist on the clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients who previously had a common cold due to an endemic coronavirus (eCoV). In a retrospective scan of the data obtained in our microbiology laboratory, 64 patients who were diagnosed with an eCoV infection between 2016 and 2020 were identified. National COVID-19 surveillance data showed that four (6.2%) of 64 patients were infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by the end of 2020, while, simultaneously, the COVID-19 prevalence in the city of Malatya ranged from 7.8% (polymerase chain reaction-based diagnosis) to 9.2% (total diagnosis). The differences were found statistically significant (6.2% vs. 7.8%, p < .01; 6.2% vs. 9.2%, p < .001). Patient interviews and evaluation of medical records revealed that these four patients did not manifest any severe COVID-19 symptoms despite their substantial comorbidities, and they did not require hospitalization. Consequently, despite a low number of samples, we determined a lower frequency of COVID-19 among the patients who had a prior eCoV infection, and the results of this study support the previous findings that people with a prior eCoV infection develop a milder case of COVID-19. Our results may provide some insights for future studies aiming at vaccine development, but detailed investigations are still required.
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    Silent spread of pathogens in hospital settings: a one-week molecular epidemiologic study
    (J Infection Developing Countries, 2025) Tanriverdi, Elif S.; Yakupogullari, Yusuf; Ceylan, Deste; Duman, Yucel; Otlu, Baris
    Introduction: Molecular fingerprinting analyses of the pathogens isolated from healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in an off-outbreak period can provide important data which cannot be obtained by prospective surveillance. Such data may indicate unnoticed breaks in infection control measures and guide in determining targeted interventions or reinforcements. The study aimed to analyze the clonal relatedness of pathogens isolated from HAIs during a period when the facility's HAI rate remained stable. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in a university hospital. A total of 105 bacterial pathogens isolated from HAIs in a one-week period were genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Results: All 12 enterococci isolates belonged to one of the genotypes that infected more than one patient. There was an epidemic clone in Staphylococcus aureus responsible for 7 out of 12 HAIs caused by this species. Among the Gram-negative bacteria, Acinetobacter baumannii showed the highest clonality, with 3 genotypes responsible for 13 out of 16 HAIs caused by this species. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the lowest clonality, and their spreads involved a pair of patients in a total of 7 events. Conclusions: This study showed that almost half of HAIs were due to clonal spread that was not detected by active surveillance. Enterococci, S. aureus, and A. baumannii had the highest clonality, suggesting that a significant proportion of HAIs could be prevented in healthcare facilities where these pathogens predominate. Repeating comprehensive studies in hospitals at regular intervals will be useful to identify unnoticed breaks in infection control measures.
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    Stenotrophomonas maltophilia outbreak originating from a pull-out faucet in a pediatric intensive care unit in Turkey: Insights from clinical records and molecular typing
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2024) Yashar, Meltem; Basarir, Kerem E.; Tanriverdi, Elif S.; Celep, Selcuk; Sirekbasan, Leyla; Rakici, Erva; Ejder, Nebahat
    Background: Nosocomial Stenotrophomonas maltophilia-related cases are rising and pose a threat to immunocompromised patients. Twelve patients from our pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) presented with S maltophilia-associated bloodstream infection. Methods: This outbreak investigation includes 12 patients from PICU between the ages of 2 months and 4 years (mean 16 months, 7 male). To identify the origin, samples from all possible sources throughout the hospital were collected and ran through DNA isolation and Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis. Results: 120 samples were collected during the outbreak. 31 samples (26%) were positive for S maltophilia. 30 S maltophilia isolates were analyzed, 10 different genotypes were identified. Clustering isolates were grouped into 3 different clusters (tolerance and optimization 1.0, cutoff 90%). The largest cluster was genotype 1, which included 19 isolates, those belong to patients' samples and a sample from a pull -out faucet inside the PICU. The Pull -out faucet was the origin of the bloodstream infection. Discussion: Pull -out faucets allow biofilm production, due its structure. Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis identifies the transmission dynamics of the outbreak, with its high discriminatory power. Conclusions: Water sources should be monitored on a regular basis. Pull -out faucets enable bacterial overgrowth; therefore, we recommend water surveillance during outbreak investigations. (c) 2023 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.