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    Achillea goniocephala Extract Loaded into Nanochitosan: In Vitro Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activity
    (2021) Taskin, Duygu; Dogan, Murat; Ermanoglu, Mizgin; Arabaci, Turan
    Introduction: The present study aimed to prepare Achillea goniocephala chloroform extract and evaluate antioxidant and cytotoxic effects. Then, the nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized on the most efficient extracts and the biological activities of the free forms of the extracts were compared with the NPs forms. Methods: Antioxidant capacities of 14 extracts (A-N) prepared using column chromatography were determined by FRAP, DPPH and CUPRAC methods. Again, the cytotoxic activities of all fractions were evaluated on MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines using the XTT cell viability assay. Chitosantripolyphosphate (TPP) NPs of the extracts with the most active biological properties were formed using the ionic gelation method. Results: The particle size of the NPs synthesized from the two most efficient extracts was found to be between 274.12 and 296.25 nm. The extract-encapsulation and loading-efficiency of the most active NPs were found 77.6±0.04% and 7.76±0.01% for the F extract and 10.2±0.02 and 1.39±0.07% for the H extract, respectively. Conclusions: While antioxidant activity results of chitosan NPs were close to unencapsulated extracts, cytotoxic activity results were found to be better than unencapsulated extracts. Based on these results, it is thought that it would be more effective to use the encapsulated forms of A. goniocephala instead of the raw extract of the plant in the treatment.
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    Characterization of the Biological Activity and Phenolics in Achillea lycaonica
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Taskin, Turgut; Taskin, Duygu; Rayaman, Erkan; Dikpinar, Tugce; Suzgec-Selcuk, Sevda; Arabaci, Turan
    The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate for the first time the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiurease effects of A. lycaonica extracts obtained using three extraction methods and five solvents followed by identification of the phenolic compounds obtained by Soxhlet extraction with ethyl acetate and maceration with chloroform that showed the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents with antioxidant and antiurease activity. The phenolic compounds were identified to be chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, dicaffeoylquinic acid, salicylic acid, luteolin, quercetin, naringenin, apigenin, and 8-hydroxy- salvigenin. Among the solvent extraction procedures, Soxhlet approach was found to have higher recoveries than other approaches. The results of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays showed that the 1: 1 ethanol-water Soxhlet, ethanol ultrasonic bath, and ethyl acetate Soxhlet extraction methods had the highest DPPH antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate Soxhlet extraction method showed the highest 2, 2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) antioxidant activity. In addition, the chloroform maceration extraction method exhibited the highest antiurease activity. Therefore, 1: 1 Soxhlet ethanol-water, ultrasonic bath ethanol, and Soxhlet ethyl acetate extracts may be used in medicine and food production as natural antioxidant sources. In addition, maceration with chloroform may provide a potential antiurease agent.