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Öğe Association between cytokines in induced sputum and severity of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2006) Hacievliyagil, SS; Gunen, H; Mutlu, LC; Karabulut, AB; Temel, ICytokines are known to be increased in induced sputum in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). In this study, the relationship between the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in induced sputum of patients with exacerbation of COPD, and the severity of the disease, pulmonary function tests (PFT), arterial blood gases (ABG) were studied. Twenty-four patients with exacerbation of COPD were included in the study. The patients were grouped according to their PFT into two as: Group 1 (FEV, below 50% of the predicted value, severe-very severe COPD, n = 12) and, Group 2 (FEV, above 50% of the predicted value, mild-moderate COPD, n = 12). The levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in induced sputum of the subjects were measured. The mean levels of IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha in induced sputum were found to be higher in Group 1 (severe-very severe COPD) than in Group 2 (mild-moderate COPD). The differences in IL-6 and IL-8 levels between groups were statistically significant (P < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between the IL-6 value and FEV1 (r = -0.435, P = 0.034), FEV1/FVC (r = -0.446, P = 0.029), PaO2 (r = -0.711, P = 0.000), SaO(2) (r = -0.444, P = 0.030) and disease duration (r = 0.427, P = 0.037), respectively. Also, the level of IL-8 in induced sputum was inversely correlated with FEV1 (r = -0.562, P = 0.004), PaO2 (r = -0.540, P = 0.006) and SaO(2) (r = -0.435, P = 0.034). However, all three cytokines were positively correlated with the smoking load (r = 0.653, P = 0.001; r = 0.439, P = 0.032; r = 0.649, P = 0.001). We conclude, therefore, that in exacerbated COPD cases with greater degrees of obstruction of the airways have higher levels of cytokines in induced sputum. This can be interpreted to mean that these cytokines are related to the clinical parameters like the ABG and PFT and seem to be the determinant of the severity of the disease. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of smoking on serum concentrations of total homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12, and nitric oxide in pregnancy(Karger, 2004) Özerol, E; Özerol, I; Gökdeniz, R; Temel, I; Akyol, OObjective: Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent vasodilator released by endothelial cells that plays an important role in modulating maternal and fetal vascular tone in normal pregnancy. Lower plasma levels of vitamins may result in hyperhomocysteinemia, a known risk factor in pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there are alterations in the serum levels of total homocysteine (tHcy), folate, vitamin B-12, and total nitrite, as an index of NO, in smoking as compared with age-matched nonsmoking pregnant women. Methods: Thirty-three women (19 smoking and 14 nonsmoking) between 16 and 22 weeks of their gestation were included in this study. The serum tHcy levels were analyzed by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Vitamin B12 and folate values were measured by means of DPC kits. Total nitrite was measured by Griess reaction as an index of endogenous NO production. Results: The serum tHcy concentrations were significantly increased in smoking as compared with nonsmoking pregnant women (p<0.001). The folate and vitamin B-12 concentrations were lower in smoking than in nonsmoking pregnant women, but only the differences in folate concentrations were statistically significant (p<0.001). The tHcy concentrations showed a significant negative correlation with folate in the smoking pregnant women. The serum total nitrite concentrations were lower in smoking than in nonsmoking pregnant women (p<0.05). In addition, the serum nitrite levels in smoking pregnant women had significant negative correlations with tHcy and positive correlations with folate and vitamin B-12 levels. Conclusions: In the light of our findings, we propose that smoking might enhance the vasoconstrictor capacity in pregnant women by increased tHcy concentrations and by a simultaneous decrease in the production of NO which is a vasodilator compound. Copyright (C) 2004 S. Karger AG, Basel.Öğe The effect of valproate on bone mineral density in adult epileptic patients(Academic Press Ltd Elsevier Science Ltd, 2004) Boluk, A; Guzelipek, M; Savli, H; Temel, I; Ozisik, HI; Kaygusuz, AThe effect of long-term valproate (VPA) treatment on bone mineral density (BMD) in adult epileptic patients is not clearly known, although several studies have been done in children. In adult epileptic patients (it = 50; 24 men, 26 women) treated with VPA, the bone mineral density at lumbar level (L I -L4) and neck, trochanter, and intertrochanter regions of left femur was studied by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the beginning of the study and after 6 months, with the specific aim to evaluate the effect of long-term valproate monoteraphy on bone mineral density. Routine biochemical parameters were also evaluated. Sixty healthy control subjects were evaluated. Control subjects were similar to patient group with respect to age, race (all White), geographic area, and socioeconomic status. Lumbar and femural BMD values were significantly lower in patient group than control group (0.814 +/- 0.157 g/cm(2) versus 0.894 +/- 0.102 g/cm(2), P = 0.003) and (0.824 +/- 0.144 g/cm(2) versus 0.906 +/- 0.104 g/cm(2), p = 0.001), respectively. Osteopenia were detected in 13 of 60 control subjects (22%) and the others had no osteoporosis. In epileptic group, osteoporosis and osteopenia were detected in 8 subjects (16%), and in 26 subjects (52%), respectively. In epileptic group 16 subjects were normal (32%) at the lumbar regions, and 7 had osteoporosis (14%), 28 had osteopenia (56%), and 15 were normal (30%) at the femoral region. In the second measurements of the patients on valproate treatment, after 6 months, all of the DXA BMD values had worsened compared with the first measurements (P = 0.001 for lumbar BMD values and P = 0.004 for femural BMD values). In the patient group, a significant inverse cot-relation was observed between duration of valproate therapy and all DXA BMD values in the first and second measurements. Parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase, and phosphor levels of patients were significantly higher than those of control group (52 +/- 11 pg/ml versus 46 +/- 13 pg/ml, P = 0.013), (113 +/- 32 U/l versus 95 +/- 36 U/l, P = 0.006), and (4.50 +/- 0.5 mg/dl versus 4.0 +/- 0.7 mg/dl, P = 0.0001), respectively. However, all of the parameters were within the normal reference ranges. It has been concluded that long-term (more than one year) valproate treatment induces a decrease in bone mineral density in epileptic adults. However, the multivariate analysis did show no association between BNID changes and parathyroid hormone, alkaline phosphatase or phosphorus levels. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe The effects of androstenediol and dehydroepiandrosterone on the immune response to BCG at puberty(Oxford Univ Press, 2003) Kutlu, NO; Akinci, A; Sönmezgöz, E; Temel, I; Evliyaoglu, EIn order to assess the effects of age-related changes of serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and androstenediol (AED) concentrations on BCG vaccination throughout the puberty period, we matched 41 prepubertal (mean age 8.63+/-1.36 years, range 8-14 years) and 43 pubertal (mean age 13.8+/-1.31 years, range 10-16 years) schoolchildren who were PPD negative and free of disease or medication known to affect immune function. The tuberculin test was performed 8 weeks after vaccination and tuberculin response and hormone levels were compared between prepubertal and pubertal subjects. We found a higher tuberculin response in the pubertal group when compared with the prepubertal ones. The pubertal children had 79.1 per cent tuberculin positivity compared with 46.4 per cent of prepubertal children (p<0.05). Diameters of induration of the tuberculin test among prepubertal students vs. pubertal students were 9.5+/-3.8 mm and 11.9+/-3.7 mm, respectively (p<0.005). Pubertal stage, testis volume, and pubic stage were also found to have significant effects on tuberculin test results. No difference was observed between both sexes with regard to responses of the tuberculin test in either the prepubertal or the pubertal group (p>0.05). DHEAS and AED levels in the tuberculin-positive subjects were found to be significantly higher than tuberculin-negative ones (p=0.040 and p=0.046, respectively). Among both these hormones, only AED levels were correlated with tuberculin test responses. These results suggest that AED may play a role in the immunity to BCG vaccination and further immunological investigations are warranted to provide support for this idea.Öğe The effects of ginkgo biloba extract on tissue adenosine deaminase, xanthine oxidase, myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and nitric oxide in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity(Sage Publications Inc, 2006) Gulec, M; Iraz, M; Yilmaz, HR; Ozyurt, H; Temel, IThis study was carried out to determine if Ginkgo Biloba Extract (GBE or Egb 761) exerts a beneficial effect against cisplatin-induced renal failure in rats. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups. The first group (control) received orally 1 mL/kg/day of 0.9% saline by an oral carrier vehicle on days 1 to 10. The second group was injected with 7 mg/kg cisplatin intraperitoneally (i.p.) on the fourth day, once only. The third group (vit E + cisplatin) was administered 10 mg/kg/day i.p. vit E on 1 to 10 days with one dose of i.p. cisplatin (7 mg/kg) injection on the fourth day. The fourth group (GBE + cisplatin) was given GBE orally at 100 mg/mL/kg started on the first day up to the tenth day with one dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) injection on the fourth day. Cisplatin was found to lead a statistically significant increase in plasma BUN and creatinine levels, as well as urine micro total protein (MTP) levels, leading to acute renal failure (ARF) in rats. Renal xanthine oxidase (XO) activities increased in all groups (statistically significant in cisplatin + GBE-treated rats; P < 0.001). Adenosine deaminase (AD) activities were increased in cisplatin-treated rats, and decreased in cisplatin + GBE-treated (P < 0.041) and cisplatin + vit E-treated (P < 0.005) rats, compared to controls. Malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities were increased in the kidney tissue of cisplatin-treated rats. Vit E improved plasma creatinine and urine MTP levels, together with tissue MDA, NO levels, and MPO activities. But GBE had no statistically significant effect on those parameters. These results indicate that increased XO, AD and MPO activities, as well as MDA and NO levels play a critical role in cisplatin nephrotoxicity. GBE has been shown to protect against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.Öğe Homocysteine, lipid profile, nitric oxide, vitamin B12, and folate values in patients with premature coronary artery disease and their children(Sage Publications Inc, 2005) Pac, FA; Ozerol, E; Ozerol, IH; Temel, I; Ege, P; Yologlu, S; Sezgin, NThe plasma concentrations of homocysteine and lipoprotein A are independent risk factors for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Nitric oxide (NO) and folate values are also important in atherogenesis. The authors aimed to evaluate these parameters in patients having coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS) before 50 years of age and in their children. In 31 patients having CABS, 47 children of these patients, and 28 normal control subjects, homocysteine, NO, vitamin B 12, folate, lipoprotein A, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, and apolipoprotein B values were determined. Homocysteine values of the patients with premature coronary heart diseases and their children were significantly higher than those of controls (p < 0.031 and p < 0.006, respectively). Also, NO levels were significantly higher in both groups than in controls (p < 0.001 and p < 0.031, respectively). B12 values were significantly higher in both groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.033, respectively). Lipoprotein A levels were higher in both groups but not significantly so.Öğe Inhibitory effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on bleomycine-induced lung fibrosis in rats(Elsevier, 2004) Özyurt, H; Sögüt, S; Yildirim, Z; Kart, L; Iraz, M; Armutçu, F; Temel, IBackground: Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) induced by anticancerogenic bleomycin (BLM) is one of the more common side effects encountered during cancer treatment. It has been suggested in the last decades that the main responsible agent in PF is reactive oxygen species which were generated also in normal physiological conditions in the human body. In this experimental study, we investigated the preventive or attenuating effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) that has been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory, cytocytatic, anti cancerogenic, antiprolipherative and antioxidant effects on BLM-induced PF. Methods: Thirty-six Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into four groups as sham operation, BLM, BLM + vitamin E (vit E), and BLM + CAPE groups. BLM (7.5 mg/kg, single dose) was applied intratracheally, and CAPE and vit E intraperitoneally in the appropriate groups. At the end of the fibrosis processes, lung tissues were removed and the levels of tissues hydroxyproline (OH-proline), malondialdehyde (MDA) and NO as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were determined. Also, the weights of the rats were recorded at 7th and 14th days of the experiments. Results: BLM application to the rats resulted in a significant increase in the OH-proline level as compared to the controls. Administration of CAPE and vit E led to the remarkable reduction of total lung OH-proline levels compared to the rats treated with BLM alone (p < 0.0001). There were a decreases in antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activities while an increase in MPO activity in BLM group was found vs. the control group (p < 0.0001). CAPE had a regulator effect on these parameters: the increase in CAT and SOD activities and the decrease in MPO activity were seen after CAPE application. NO, MDA and OH-proline levels were increased in BLM group vs. the control group. CAPE was more effective in decreasing the tissue levels of NO, MDA and OH-proline than vit E. MPO activity, as a good marker of neutrophil sequestration to the tissues, in the BLM group was decreased by CAPE approximately to the control group. Conclusion: We suggest that CAPE is more effective on the prevention of BLM-induced fibrosis via antioxidant and free radical scavenger properties than vit E at the doses used in the present study. CAPE has some attenuating effects on BLM-induced PF affecting both oxidant and antioxidant systems as well as neutrophils sequestration. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Investigation of serum minimal inhibitory concentrations of some benzimidazole, imidazole and benzothiazole derivatives and their effects on liver and renal functions(Ecv-Editio Cantor Verlag Medizin Naturwissenschaften, 1998) Durmaz, R; Köroglu, M; Küçükbay, H; Temel, I; Özer, MK; Refiq, M; Çetinkaya, EIn previous studies many benzimidazole, imidazole and benzothiazole derivatives had been synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were tasted in vitro conditions. Four of these compounds showed minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of 5-25 mu g/ml against standard strains and clinical isolates. In order to determine whether these four compounds can be used for therapeutic purpose, their serum MIC values and side effects on hepatic and renal functions were determined. Different concentrations of the compounds were tested on Wistar rats. Compound 1 was administered orally, intramuscularly and intravenously; compounds 2, 3 and 4 were given orally and intramuscularly. Blood samples were taken 4 and 24 h after administration of the compounds. Serum MIC Values were investigated by bioassay and serum levels of biochemical parameters by autoanalyzer. None of the tested compounds showed antimicrobial activity at their serum concentrations. Although creatinine activity was found at normal levels in all experiments, compounds 1 and 2 caused a significant increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level. The values of aspartate aminotransferase and/or alanine aminotransferase and/or alkaline phosphatase which are characteristic for liver function were generally found at high levels. According to these results, it can be concluded that the tested compounds caused damage in liver and biliary tracts without antimicrobial activity by their serum concentrations.Öğe The relationships between plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2001) Akyol, Ö; Isçi, N; Temel, I; Özgöçmen, S; Uz, E; Murat, M; Büyükberber, SObjective. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the activities of some key erythrocyte and plasma enzymes participating in free radical metabolism and the end product of lipid peroxidation in rheumatoid arthritis, and whether there are any differences for these parameters between newly diagnosed untreated patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients on drug therapy. Patients and methods. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and malondialdehyde levels were determined in erythrocytes and plasma samples from 54 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (21 of whom without any treatment and 33 on classical therapy regimens) and from 33 healthy controls. Results. There were no statistically significant differences in mean values of activities of the erythrocyte enzymes between the patients and controls. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly increased in both newly diagnosed untreated patients and patients on drug therapy compared to control subjects. Malondialdehyde levels were lower in the treated group than the newly diagnosed untreated group (0.214 +/- 0.111 mu mol/L and 0.388 +/- 0.075 mu mol/L, respectively) (P < 0.0001). Mean plasma superoxide dismutase activity was lower in the group of newly diagnosed untreated patients compared to those of the treated and control groups (1.31 +/- 0.69 U/mL, 1.79 +/- 0.94 U/mL and 2.48 +/- 0.95 U/mL, respectively) (P < 0.0001, untreated vs control groups). Conclusions. These results suggest sufficient antioxidant enzyme activities in erythrocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and also increased lipid peroxidation end products in newly diagnosed untreated patients compared to control group and patients on drug therapy. (C) 2001 Editions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS.Öğe Serum nitrate and nitrite levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthritis(British Med Journal Publ Group, 2002) Ersoy, Y; Özerol, E; Baysal, Ö; Temel, I; MacWalter, RS; Meral, Ü; Altay, ZEObjective: To assess and compare serum nitrate and nitrite levels in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Thirty five patients with RA, 32 patients with AS, and 36 patients with OA were entered into this study. In addition, 30 healthy volunteers acted as a control group. Concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in serum were determined by direct and indirect Griess reactions. C reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels were determined as markers of systemic activity of disease (SAD) in RA and AS groups. Results: Serum nitrate and nitrite levels were found to be higher in patients with AS and RA than in the OA group (p <0.01). In addition, serum nitrate and nitrite levels were higher in all three groups than in the control group (p <0.01). Moreover, serum nitrate and nitrite levels were higher in patients who had SAD than in those who had not in the RA and AS groups (p <0.01 and p <0.05, respectively), and there was a correlation between serum nitrate and nitrite concentrations and SAD variables in patients with RA (Spearman's r(s)=0.414, p <0.05 and r(s)=0.408, p <0.05, respectively) and AS (r(s)=0.421, p <0.05 and r(s)=0.412, p <0.05, respectively). Conclusion: The findings suggest that nitrate and nitrite production is enhanced in patients with inflammatory arthritis compared with OA. In addition, serum nitrate and nitrite levels are enhanced in patients with RA, AS, and OA compared with healthy subjects. Furthermore, there is a correlation between the SAD variables and serum nitrate and nitrite levels in patients with RA and AS.Öğe Serum nitrite and nitrate levels in epileptic children using valproic acid or carbamazepine(Elsevier Science Bv, 2004) Karabiber, H; Yakinci, C; Durmaz, Y; Temel, I; Mehmet, NIn experimental epilepsy studies, nitric oxide was found to act as both proconvulsant and anticonvulsant. The objective. of this study was to investigate the effects of valproic acid and carbamazepine on serum levels of nitrite and nitrate, which are the metabolites of nitric oxide. To achieve this goal, serum nitrite and nitrate levels were determined in active epileptic 34 children using valproic acid and 23 children using carbamazepine and in non-active epileptic 38 children (control group) not using any antiepileptic drug. In the valproic acid group serum nitrite and nitrate levels were 2.66 +/- 2.11 mumol/l and 69.35 +/- 23.20 mumol/l, 1.89 +/- 1.01 mumol/l and 49.39 +/- 10.61 mumol/l in the carbamazepine group, and 1.22 +/- 0.55 mumol/l, 29.53 +/- 10.05 mumol in the control group, respectively. Nitrite and nitrate levels were significantly high in both valproic acid and carbamazepine groups compared to the control group (P < 0.01). When valproic acid and carbamazepine groups were compared to each other, level of nitrate was found statistically higher in the valproic acid group in relation to the carbamazepine group (P < 0.01), however, there was no statistically significant difference in the levels of nitrite (P > 0.05). No relation could be found between serum drug levels and nitrite and nitrate levels. According to these results, it can be suggested that valproic acid and carbamazepine might have antiepileptic effects through nitric oxide. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved.
