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    Analysis of changes in brain morphological structure of taekwondo athletes by diffusion tensor imaging
    (Elsevier, 2023) Kurtoglu, Erdal; Payas, Ahmet; Duz, Serkan; Arik, Mustafa; Ucar, Ilyas; Tokmak, Turgut Tursem; Erbay, Mehmet Fatih
    Objective: Taekwondo, which is the most preferred sport among the martial arts, is known to improve individuals physically, spiritually and mentally. The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of teakwondo sport on the brain and brain structures.Design;: 30 taekwondo athletes and 15 control groups were included in this study. Diffusion tensor MR images of each participant were taken. The information was obtained by the self-declaration of the athletes, whether they were sports years, amateur or elite.Method: Total brain volume and volumes of white matter, gray matter, frontal lobe, precentral gyrus, cortico-spinal tract, basal nuclei, postcentral gyrus, hippocampus and amigdala and the ratio of these volumes to total brain volume were evaluated statistically between the groups using MriCloud software and ROIEditor program.Results: An increase in total brain volume, gray matter, frontal lobe and precentral gyrus volume in athletes was associated with taekwondo training. When the ratio of brain parts to total brain volume was examined, it was determined that there was a difference in the ratio of gray matter, white matter volumes in amateur athletes, right frontal lobe, left corticospinal tract, right postcentral gyrus volumes in elite athletes, and left postcentral gyrus volumes of both athletes compared to sedentary individuals.Conclusions: The increase in the volume of gray matter, frontal lobe, postcentral gyrus and corticospinal tract together with the brain volume shows that taekwondo exercise contributes to physical, spiritual and mental development.
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    Morphology of the incisura fibularis in the Turkish population
    (2021) Misir, Abdulhamit; Uzun, Erdal; Tokmak, Turgut Tursem
    Aim: Morphology of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis plays an important role in the pattern of ankle fracture and reduction strategy. This study aimed to describe the normal morphology of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis in a Turkish population. Materials and Methods: All analyzes were based on 349 computed tomography images, contributed by 265 male and 84 female patients. The following features were measured on axial images: the depth of the incisura fibularis, anterior tibiofibular depth, posterior tibiofibular depth, anterior-posterior length of the fibula, mediolateral width of the fibula, version of the incisura fibularis, anterior tubercle length, posterior tubercle length, and tibiofibular engagement. All measure ts were performed by an orthopedic surgeon and an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist, repeated at a 2-week interval. Results: The most common morphology of the incisura fibularis was concave (C-shape, depth >4 mm, 66.5%), followed by a shallow morphology (I-shape, depth 4 mm, 18.3%), and r-shape (15.2%). Significant between-sex differences were identified for depth of the incisura fibularis, posterior tibiofibular depth, anterior-posterior length of fibula, mediolateral width of the fibula, anterior tubercle length, posterior tubercle length, tibiofibular engagement, and incisura fibularis height. Across the three morphologies (C-, I- and r-shape), there was a significant difference in the anterior tibiofibular depth, anterior-posterior length of the fibula, degree of retroversion of the incisura fibularis, and extent of tibiofibular engagement (p0.001). Conclusions: Knowledge of the variability in the morphology and measurements of the features of the incisura fibularis can be useful in the diagnosis of syndesmosis injury and lowering the risk of malreduction during surgery of ankle fractures among Turkish individuals.
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    Sex and side differences of three-dimensional Glenoid anthropometric parameters in a normal Turkish population
    (2019) Misir, Abdulhamit; Tokmak, Turgut Tursem; Kizkapan, Turan Bilge; Uzun, Erdal; Ozcamdali, Mustafa
    Aim: Due to anatomical differences, current baseplate designs may lead to incompatibilities in reverse shoulder arthroplasty in different populations. We hypothesized that glenoid anthropometric parameters in Turkish subjects would be different from that in other populations.Material and Methods: Three-dimensional morphology of 200 healthy Turkish shoulders (100 male and 100 females, 93 left and 107 right shoulders) was evaluated. Glenoid height, width, version, inclination, circumference, and surface area; glenoid depth, scapular neck length, and scapular neck angle were measured. Sex and side differences were assessed. The correlation between glenoid morphologic parameters and subject height was assessed. The height corresponding to a 25-mm glenoid width was predicted.Results: There was a significant difference between male and female subjects regarding glenoid height, width, version, depth, circumference, surface area, and patient height (p0.05). Also, there was a significant difference between right and left shoulders regarding glenoid height, glenoid width, glenoid version, glenoid surface area, superior depth, central depth, and inferior depth measurements (p0.05). The glenoid height, width, retroversion, depth, circumference and surface area was well correlated with subject height. The estimated body height value to be obtained for a 25 mm glenoid width value was calculated as 164.4 cm.Conclusion: Our results would be useful in patient selection, preoperative planning, determining the appropriate glenosphere sizes and glenoid component placement. The values of measurement parameters in this study may serve as reference values for normal Turkish population and may be helpful in the comparisons with other populations and osteoarthritic glenoids.