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    Demographic Characteristics and Transmission Risk Factors of Patients with Hepatitis C Virus in Turkey: The EPI-C, A Multicenter and Cross-sectional Trial
    (2021) Tabak, Fehmi; Şirin, Göktuğ; Demir, Mehmet; Aladağ, Murat; Sümer, Şua; Kurtaran, Behice; Tosun, Selma; Yamazhan, Tansu; bozkurt, ilkay; Gürbüz, Yunus
    Objectives: To describe the prevalence of risk factors in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Materials and Methods: Patients who were aged >18 years visiting outpatient clinics and diagnosed as having HCV infection were enrolled in this cross-sectional, multicenter study conducted in 71 cities. Patient data on socio-demographic and clinical characteristics and pre-defined risk factors were collected. Results: Among 1,018 patients, 53.0% were women. The mean age was 57.2±14.3 years and 34.8% had been diagnosed as having HCV infection >10 years before enrollment. Almost half of the patients (45.5%) were diagnosed during their regular check-up visits, and only 16.8% were diagnosed because of signs or symptoms of HCV. Genotype 1 and sub-genotype 1 b were detected in 87.9% and 73.7% of the patients, respectively. At least one risk factor was present in 94.8% of the patients. The most frequently reported risk factor was major dental procedures (79.2%), followed by major surgical operations (56.9%) and minor surgical interventions (42.3%). Conclusion: Our results revealed that most of the patients with HCV infection underwent major dental procedures
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    Pseudo-Outbreak of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolated from Kidney Stones and Attributed to Inadequate Sterilization: Investigation of Molecular Typing and Clonal Relationship
    (2020) Yiş, Reyhan; Tosun, Selma; Bayram, Emine Deniz; Değirmenci, Tansu; Günlüsoy, Bülent; Otlu, Barış; Kuzucu, Çiğdem
    Abstract: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a gram-negative bacterium. Hospitals can be a source of S. maltophilia because it adheres to nonliving surfaces and forms a biofilm. This study was performed to investigate the clonal relationship between S. maltophilia isolates obtained from kidney stone samples. Samples of kidney stones taken from patients and surrogate samples from nephroscopes, cleaning solution, disinfectant solution were included in the study. The clonal relationship between isolates was determined by PFGE. S. maltophilia was isolated from 34 of 94 kidney stone samples sent from the urology operating room between July 2017 and January 2018. A total of 26 S. maltophilia strains (21 from kidney stone samples, three from nephroscopes, and two from urine culture) were isolated. PFGE showed that the 21 kidney stone isolates and the 3 S. maltophilia isolates obtained from the nephroscope belonged to the same clone. The two urine culture isolates showed no clonal relationship to the outbreak isolates and were considered sporadic. Molecular typing confirmed that this pseudo-outbreak was attributed to inadequate disinfection of the nephroscopes. After disinfection protocols were reviewed and revised as needed, especially regarding the removal of organic material from nephroscopes after use, no further bacterial growth was detected from kidney stone specimens obtained with nephroscopes