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    Design and synthesis of some thiazolotriazolyl esters as anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents
    (Springer Birkhauser, 2012) Tozkoparan, Birsen; Aytac, S. Peri; Gursoy, Sule; Aktay, Goknur
    In order to develop potent analgesic/anti-inflammatory compounds with reduced ulcerogenic risk, a series of thiazolotriazolyl-carboxylic and acetic acid esters were synthesized and characterized by spectral and elementary analysis. All synthesized compounds were screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory activities in mice by carregeenan-induced paw edema model. The compounds showing 20% reduction in paw edema were also evaluated for their analgesic activities by acetic acid-induced writhing test and the gastric ulceration risk by determining the lipid peroxidation level in stomachs. Among the compounds tested, compounds 1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 7a, 2b, and 8b showed moderate-to-good anti-inflammatory activity at various doses in any of the measurement intervals. Compounds 7a, 2b, and 8b were the most actives of the series in analgesic activity test. Moreover, compounds 1, 4, and 8 were found to be safe in stomach in respect of free radical production.
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    Investigation of antioxidant properties of some 6-(?-aminobenzyl) thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazole-5-ol compounds
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Aktay, Goknur; Tozkoparan, Birsen; Ertan, Mevlut
    Promising antiinflammatory activity together with low ulcerogenic properties of some Michael addition products of thiazolo[3,2-b]-1,2,4-triazole-5(6H)-ones which have been synthesized in our previous study, prompted us to investigate their antioxidant properties. Since compound Ib has both antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities beside the lowest ulcerogenic incidence, it was selected for investigation of its inhibitory effect on various cyclooxygenase ezymes. It was found that while it did not inhibit cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) enzyme, there was a small inhibitory effect (17%) on COX-2 enzyme. We concluded that the diminished harmful effects on the stomach of this novel antiinflammatory compound were related to its antioxidant properties since it is ineffective on COX-1 enzyme. In conclusion, the compounds having both antioxidant and antiinflammatory activities with a lack of COX-1 enzyme inhibitory effect may improve the gastrointestinal safety profile of such compounds.
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    Novel 1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives as Dual Analgesic/Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Agents
    (Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2012) Tozkoparan, Birsen; Aytac, Sevim Peri; Gursoy, Sule; Gunal, Selami; Aktay, Goknur
    For this study, a series of 3,6-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazolo-[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (1-12) were synthesized by condensation of 4-amino-5-substituted-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazoles with various benzoic acids through a one-pot reaction. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities as well as gastrointestinal irritation liability of the obtained compounds were evaluated. Several of the synthesized compounds showed noticeable analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. For the active compounds a very low ulcerogenic index and diminished oxidative damage in stomach were observed. Moreover, title compounds were screened for their antifungal and antibacterial activities. Antifungal activity of the compounds was found better than that of their antibacterial activity.
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    Novel 3,6-Disubstituted 7H-1,2,4-Triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Analgesic/Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant Activities
    (Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2009) Tozkoparan, Birsen; Aytac, Sevim Peri; Aktay, Goeknur
    In this study, the synthesis of a new series of 3,6-disubstituted-7H-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazine 1a-4c Compounds derived from 4-amino-3-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones 1-4 is described. All of the synthesized compounds were screened for their possible analgesic / anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and gastric toxicity. The compound 2c was found to have both significant analgesic and consistent anti-inflammatory activity without inducing any gastric lesions along with minimal lipid peroxidation. A deep insight into the structures of the active compounds revealed that the compounds carrying an electron withdrawing group (a chloride or fluoride) on the phenyl ring at 6-position of the condensed heterocyclic derivatives exhibited noticeable higher activity.
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    Synthesis of 3,6-disubstituted 7H-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazines as novel analgesic/anti-inflammatory compounds
    (Elsevier France-Editions Scientifiques Medicales Elsevier, 2009) Aytac, S. Peri; Tozkoparan, Birsen; Kaynak, F. Betuel; Aktay, Goeknur; Goektas, Oezguer; Uenuevar, Songuel
    In this study, a new class of 4-amino-3-substituted-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiones (1-4) and their corresponding condensed derivatives 3,6-disubstituted 7H-1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-bi-1,3,4-thiadiazines (1a-4c) were synthesized and evaluated for their analgesic/anti-inflammatory activities. All synthesized compounds were also tested for their gastric toxicity and antioxidant activity on acute administration. Most of the compounds showed significant activity in both carrageenan-induced oedema and acetic acid-induced writhing tests besides negligible gastrointestinal toxicity. The compounds showing less ulcerogenic effect also showed less lipid peroxidation (LPO) level. Most promising results were obtained with the compounds that placed a fluoro or a chloride on the phenyl ring at the sixth position of the fused ring. (C) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.