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    Flora of Archaeological Landscape: Case Study of Arslantepe Mound and Its Territory
    (Springer Nature, 2022) Karakuş Ş.; Tuna A.
    Floristic research plays a key role in understanding archaeological landscapes. Floristic studies provide important information for archaeological research, for understanding the diet of societies to determining agricultural activities of the periods. With the data obtained as a result of archaeobotanical studies in recent years, important findings regarding the general flora character of archaeological landscapes have been reached. As of today, the floristic balance of current archaeological landscape is changing as the existing vegetation is destroyed in archaeological sites where excavations are continuing. Based on this, in this paper, current flora of Arslantepe Mound and its territory was examined. The aim of this paper is to determine the plant biodiversity of the study area and to identify the sensitive areas with endemic species. Within the boundaries of the study area, 440 samples were collected between August 2018 and August 2019. As a result of identification of collected samples and evaluation of plants registered in the literature, 704 taxa (681 species, 13 subspecies, 10 variate) belonging to 384 genera and 90 families were determined. 65 of the total species are endemic in the area. The phytogeographic regions of only 233 species out of the collected material have been identified; Irano-Turanian 184, Mediterranean 38, Euro-Siberian 11. The rest 471 species of the total are either pluriregional or phytogeographically unknown. Two species belong to Pteridophyte whereas 702 species belong to Spermatophyta. Within the area, gymnosperms have 16 species and angiosperms have 686 species. Dicotyledons and monocotyledons have 586 and 100 species, respectively, in the Angiosperms. The largest families identified in the study area are as follows: Fabaceae 67, Brassicaceae 65, Asteraceae 58, Poaceae 54, and Lamiaceae 53. The largest genera in the study area are as follows: Alyssum 12, Euphorbia 12, Astragalus 10, Medicago 10, and Trifolium 7. Endemic species located within the study area within the scope of the findings obtained as a result of the floristic research, deployment areas, and endangered species have been identified. Suggestions have been developed to enable the archaeological sites to appear within the urban landscape as alternative green spaces. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
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    Site management in the protection of archeological landscapes: A review on the archeological site management plans of world heritage sites located in Turkey
    (Peter Lang AG, 2019) Tuna A.; Çelebi A.G.
    Archeological sites are non-renewable resources, attributed to the past via anthropogenic effects within cultural landscape. Protection is of vital importance in terms of ensuring the sustainability of these sites and handing down to the next generations. Aiming at sustainable protection of archeological sites, the Archeological Site Management Plan comprises of classifying the archeological heritage, defining its characteristics, making an archeological inventory of the region afterwards, using the archeological sites with interactive sites, evaluating up of the new usage manner to be brought into the site for meeting the potential needs of society, as well as the administrative structuring to designate the preventive actions and action plans in this scope and the administrative activities undertaken by this structure. In this chapter, the archeological heritages in UNESCO's World Heritage List after 2005 (incl. the year 2005) are examined within the scope of preparation process for site management plan following the releasing of "Regulation on Principles and Procedures concerning the establishment of Site Management & Monumental Works Board, as well as identifying their duties and management sites" in the year 2005 in Turkey. The management plan contents of Catalhoyuk, Neolithic Site, Bergama Multi-Layered Cultural Landscape, Ephesus, Archaeological Site of Ani, Aphrodisias Ancient City, Archaeological Site of Gobeklitepe, which can be seen in the official website of Ministry of Culture, are examined and subjected to comparison. © Peter Lang AG 2019.