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    Alleviation of Everzol Red LFB Toxicity in Duckweed (Lemna minor L.) by Exogenous Salicylic Acid
    (2020) Akbulut, Gülçin Beker; Turhan, Duygu Özhan; Yiğit, Emel
    Abstract: Salicylic acid (SA) has an important function in the formation of induced systemic resistance. The aim of this study was to determine effects of exogenous application of 0.5 mM SA on the stress response in duckweed (Lemna minor L.) exposed to the reactive dyestuff Everzol Red LFB (ER LFB). Phytotoxic responses induced by exposure to both ER LFB (75 ppm, 150 ppm and 300 ppm) and 0.5 mM SA+ ER LFB (75 ppm, 150 ppm and 300 ppm) applications were comparatively examined at 1st, 4th, and 7th days. The lowest chlorophyll a (Chl-a), chlorophyll b (Chl-b), and total chlorophyll (total Chl) contents were found in the 300 ppm ER LFB groups. The carotenoid (Car) content was decreased compared to control groups. The highest total glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and peroxidase (POD) activities were found after 0.5 mM SA + 300 ppm ER LFB groups at 7th day. Glutathione reductase (GR) activity was reduced at 7th day. The level of lipid peroxidation, measured as malondialdehyde (MDA) content was increased generally both ER LFB and SA+ER LFB groups compared to control groups. Results suggest that SA plays a positive role in L. minor against ER LFB.
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    Synthesis of Gum Arabic-Based Biopolymer Network and Determination of Its Toxicity Properties in In Vitro - In Vivo Model Systems
    (2024) Açarı, İdil Karaca; Turhan, Duygu Özhan; Kuruçay, Ali; Köytepe, Süleyman; Ateş, Burhan
    In this study, gum arabic based network polymers were prepared using epoxy functional PEG structures. The basic physicochemical properties of these structures, their structural characterization, thermal properties and morphological properties were investigated. Toxicity properties of constructs synthesized on zebrafish (Danio rerio (Hamilton)) offspring were determined in vivo. In addition, in vitro toxicity tests were performed on L929 fibroblast cells. When the general properties of these structures were examined. Structural and thermal properties were better with increasing cross-linker rates ratios (1%, 3%, 5%). According to the toxicity test performed on zebrafish juveniles; GA-PEG-Epox (1%) constructs are non-toxic to zebrafish juveniles. The mortality rate of GA-PEG-Epox (3%) and GA-PEG-Epox (5%) structures was observed as 12.5% and 20.8%, respectively. It was observed that the structures were not toxic to zebrafish juveniles. MTT test performed on L929 fibroblast cells, high cell viability (>90%) was observed in all synthesized structures. These results are evaluated as Grade 1 according to ISO standards.