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    Hepatoprotective effect of royal jelly, grape seed extract, and Lycium barbarum against diethylnitrosamine-induced liver toxicity in rats
    (2018) Bilgic, Sedat; Dogan, Zumrut; Azirak, Sebile; Erdemli, Mehmet Erman; Onderci, Muhittin; Turk, Ahmet; Ozer, Mehmet Kaya
    Aim: We aimed to investigate, the effects of royal jelly (RJ), grape seed extract (GSE), and Lycium barbarum extract (LBAE) against diethylnitrosamine (DEN) induced hepatotoxicity, in experimental animal model. Material and Methods: Fifty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups (n=10): Control, DEN, DEN+RJ, DEN+GSE, DEN+LBAE. DEN administrated groups were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with three separate administration of DEN (200 mg/kg), on the zero, fifteenth and thirtieth treatment day. Then 100 mg/kg of RJ was given to DEN+RJ group, 100 mg/kg of GSE was given to DEN+GSE group, and 400 mg/kg LBAE was given to DEN+LBAE group with the daily drinking water from day 0 for 16 weeks. Histopathologic alterations including apoptotic changes of liver were evaluated. Results: RJ, GSE, and LBAE treatments significantly reduced weight loss induced by DEN. DEN administrated rats significantly increases malondialdehyde (MDA) level. It also efficiently decreases glutathione (GSH) level and catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. These results were significantly ameliorated by dietary supplements (p<0.05). In addition, they increased the total antioxidant status (TAS) level and decreased serum oxidative stress index (OSI), total oxidant status (TOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels significantly (p<0.05). TUNEL positive cells were extremly pervasive in the livers of DEN group. Conclusion: Improvements were prominent in case of RJ > GSE > LBAE. Our results indicated that RJ, GSE and LBAE might be useful for prevention of hepatotoxicity induced by DEN via ameliorative effects on biochemical and oxidative stress indices
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    Hepatoprotective effects of N-acetylcysteine on liver injury by irisin upregulation and oxidative stress reduction in diabetic rats
    (Springeropen, 2023) Erdogan, Mehmet Mustafa; Erdogan, Mehmet Ali; Koc, Suleyman; Yalcin, Alper; Turk, Ahmet; Yetkin, Esra Akkus
    BackgroundThe current study aimed to investigate the oxidative stress in rat liver with diabetes mellitus (DM) as well as the protective effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on irisin expression.MethodsTwenty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups, 7 rats in each group, and 30-day regimens of experimental or control groups. NAC-treated group is as follows: 100 mg/kg once daily was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). Diabetes-induced group is as follows: single-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg) was used to induce DM in overnight fasting Wistar rats. By determining blood glucose concentration in STZ-induced rats 72 h after injection of STZ, DM was assessed. DM + NAC group is as follows: STZ-induced DM plus NAC is described previously. On the 30th day of the experiment, liver samples were collected after fasting and anesthesia. Biochemical analyses were performed to measure total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Each liver sample was weighed and then prepared for histopathologic evaluation by light microscopy.ResultsThere was a statistically significant decrease in TAS levels and an increase in TOS and MDA levels in the DM group compared to the control group. In contrast, TOS and MDA levels were found significantly decreased, and TAS levels increased in the serum and liver tissues of the DM + NAC group compared to the DM group. Liver samples were also used for histopathological examination using hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. STZ-induced liver damage was detected as oxidative stress, increased irisin immunoreactivity, sinusoidal dilatation, and hepatocyte degeneration. In the DM + NAC group, it was observed that NAC significantly reduced the aforementioned histopathological changes due to STZ.ConclusionIn the early period of diabetes, due to the antioxidant properties of irisin related to the sudden response of liver tissue to oxidative stress, it is thought that the immunoreactivity in the tissue increases in the early period. As a result, NAC in diabetic rat liver tissue was found to suppress oxidative damage and irisin immunoreactivity.