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Öğe Effect of Music and Lemon Aroma on Anaerobic Power and Balance of Athletes After Exhausting Activity(KMAN Publication Inc., 2023) Adanur, Oğuzhan; Oncu, Mertkan; Turkmen, Musa; Eken, Özgür; Kurtoğlu, Ahmet; Yermakhanov, Baglan; Setiawan, EdiBackground: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of lemon aroma (LA) and music on anaerobic power and balance in athletes following sporting activity. Recognizing the potential influence of sensory stimuli on performance, we sought to contribute valuable insights into optimizing recovery strategies for athletes. Objectives: The primary objective was to assess the effects of LA and music on anaerobic power and balance, employing a comprehensive set of physical fitness factors. Methods: Twelve male amateur athletes were randomly included in our study. These individuals were given LA, music, and with no supplementation (control) for 72 hours, followed by a standardized recovery phase using a Monarch ergometer, and lactic acid levels were measured after the intervention to assess the physiological effect. Balance analysis covering both static and dynamic conditions was performed using a specialized balance machine. Isometric dynamometer measurements and detailed assessments of Sargent’s jumping performance were performed to analyze physical fitness factors. Results: Significant differences were observed in balance parameters, with both static balance (SB) and dynamic balance (DB) registering higher values in the control time (P = 0.006; P < 0.001, respectively). Lemon aroma exposure resulted in the highest values for peak power (PP) and relative PP (RPP) (P < 0.001; P < 0.001, respectively). Conversely, in the control time exhibited the lowest values for relative anaerobic power (RAP) and vertical jump (VJ). Conclusions: The findings suggest a positive influence of stimulating aroma (lemon) and music elements on sportive performance. Lemon aroma was associated with enhanced anaerobic power, while the control group exhibited superior balance outcomes. These results underscore the potential benefits of incorporating sensory interventions into athletes’ recovery protocols for optimized performance. © 2023, Adanur et al.Öğe Immediate effect of exercise and music on attention among school-age youth: A comprehensive experimental study(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2025) Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Koca, Mehmet Emek; Turkmen, Musa; Car, Bekir; Eken, Ozgur; Setiewan, Edi; Elkholi, Safaa M.Background/objectives: Low attention level, especially in school-age children in preadolescence and adolescence, affects educational activities. The effects of different types of music and exercise on attention level have been an important subject of research for many years. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of aerobic and yoga exercise intervention program applied synchronously with different types of music on the attention level of primary 2 students studying. Materials and methods: In this study, 19 male (age = 12.63 +/- 0.83 years, height = 145.78 +/- 4.58 cm, weight = 47.73 +/- 7.94 kg, body mass index = 22.43 +/- 3.51 kg/m(2)), 27 female students (age = 12.40 +/- 1.15 years, height = 141.03 +/- 3.34 cm, weight = 42.14 +/- 4.13 kg, body mass index = 21.15 +/- 1.45 kg/m(2)) were included. Participants performed 3 different exercise programs (no exercise [NE], aerobic exercise [AE], and yoga exercise [YE]) without music (NM), listening to traditional music (TM), classical music, and current popular music (PM), after which participants' attention was analyzed using the Burdon Attention Test. Results: In the NE group, participants' attentional levels were lower in the NM condition compared to TM and PM (P = .019, Delta = -7.86, Std. Err = 2.23; P = .001, Delta = -9.74, Std. Err = 2.22, respectively). During AE and YE, different music genres had no effect (P > .05). As a result of the post hoc analysis, the attention test results obtained from the NM and TM genres in the NE protocol were significantly lower than the attention test results obtained from all music genres during AE and YE (P < .05). There was no significant difference between the values obtained from NE-PM and the values obtained from AE and YE (P > .05). At the same time, attention test results did not change between AE and YE during any music genre. Conclusions: In conclusion, exercise and music are important elements to increase the attention level of school-age individuals. In addition, PM may be an important factor in increasing attention levels in these individuals.Öğe Isokinetic knee strength as a predictor of cardiorespiratory responses during loaded aerobic capacity test in elite athletes(Nature Portfolio, 2025) Car, Bekir; Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Atar, Ozdemir; Turkmen, Musa; Eken, Ozgur; Soyler, Mehmet; Aldhahi, Monira I.This study aimed to investigate the predictive capacity of knee isokinetic strength parameters on cardiorespiratory responses during aerobic capacity test (ACT). It provides novel insights into the interplay between muscular strength and cardiorespiratory function through comparative analyses of loaded and unloaded ACT protocols in elite athletes. Thirty elite modern pentathlon athletes (age: 21.43 +/- 0.77 years) underwent isokinetic knee strength assessments at angular velocities of 60 degrees/s and 240 degrees/s. Cardiorespiratory parameters-average breath volume (ABV), average breath frequency (ABF), auxiliary oxygen density (AOD), and heart rate (HR)-were recorded during the Bruce Protocol conducted under two conditions: unloaded and with a 10 kg loaded vest. Relationships between isokinetic strength metrics and cardiorespiratory parameters were analyzed using linear regression models. There were no significant differences in ABV, ABF, or AOD between loaded and unloaded ACT conditions (p > .05). However, HR was significantly lower during loaded ACT (p < .05). Linear regression revealed that at 60 degrees/s, several knee strength parameters, including peak torque extension (PT-EXT), peak torque flexion (PT-FLX), total work flexion (TW-FLX), average power flexion (AP-FLX), and agonist strength (AGANT), significantly predicted ABV during loaded ACT (R-2 = 0.804, p = .004). A similar pattern was observed at 240 degrees/s, where comparable predictors explained a significant variance in ABV (R-2 = 0.761, p = .012). No significant predictive relationships were identified during unloaded ACT. Isokinetic knee strength parameters significantly predict cardiorespiratory responses during loaded ACT but not during unloaded protocols. These findings suggest that isokinetic strength assessments may be a valuable tool for optimizing ACT prescription and monitoring training adaptations in elite athletes.Öğe Pes planus level affects counter movement jump performance: A study on amateur male and female volleyball players(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2024) Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Car, Bekir; Eken, Ozgur; Demir, Gozde; Turkmen, Musa; Setiawan, Edi; Alotaibi, Madawi H.The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pes planus level on counter movement jump (CMJ) performance parameters in amateur female and male volleyball players. In this context, amateur volleyball players aged between 18 and 23 years actively playing in the university school volleyball team were included in the study. Pes planus levels of the participants were analyzed using the navicular drop test (NDT). My Jump Lab application was used for CMJ measurement. Within the scope of CMJ, the participants' jump height, force, relative force, power, relative power, average speed, take-off speed, impulse, and flying time were analyzed. According to the linear regression results between NDT and CMJ parameters, force in males (t = 12.93, P = .049) and average speed in females (t = -3.52, P = .017) were significantly associated with NDT. NDT was similar in men and women (P > .05). However, all CMJ parameters were highly different between genders (P < .001). In the correlation analysis between sport age and physical characteristics and CMJ parameters; height (r = .386, P = .046), weight (r = .569, P = .002), leg length (r = .389, P = .045), foot length (r =. 558, P = .005), foot width (r = .478, P = .018), force (r = .407, P = .039), impulse (r = .460, P = .018) parameters, and sport age. The results suggest that the average speed in females and force in males both significantly influenced NDT, highlighting the significance of both factors in predicting NDT scores. Moreover, all CMJ measures showed significant variations between genders, although the NDT scores did not. Furthermore, the correlation analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between a number of physical attributes and CMJ parameters, highlighting the multifaceted nature of athletic performance and indicating the possible impact of these attributes on CMJ results.Öğe Post-Lunch Napping as a Strategy to Enhance Physiological Performance and Cognitive Function in Elite Volleyball Players(Mdpi, 2024) Eken, Ozgur; Bozkurt, Oguzhan; Turkmen, Musa; Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Alotaibi, Madawi H.; Elkholi, Safaa M.Background and Objectives: Volleyball demands high levels of anaerobic strength, flexibility, agility, and mental focus. Adequate sleep has been shown to enhance athletic performance and cognitive function. This study investigates the impact of post-lunch naps of varying durations (25 and 45 min) on the physiological performance and cognitive focus of elite volleyball players. Materials and Methods: Sixteen elite volleyball players (8 male, 8 female) with at least 7 years of competitive experience participated in a randomized crossover study. They underwent three experimental conditions: no nap (No-Nap), a 25-min nap (N25), and a 45-min nap (N45). Physical performance was measured through counter-movement jumps (CMJ) and volleyball agility tests, while cognitive function was assessed using the D2 attention test. Statistical analysis included repeated measures ANOVA to examine the differences between nap conditions and gender-specific responses. Results: Significant improvements in both physical performance and cognitive focus were observed in the N25 and N45 conditions compared to the No-Nap condition (indicating the effectiveness of short naps in enhancing both physical and mental performance). Males outperformed females in most physical metrics, while females scored higher on the D2 attention test (suggesting possible gender-specific responses to napping). The 25-min nap showed slightly better results in terms of sleep quality and subsequent performance (confirming that shorter naps may be more beneficial). Conclusions: Post-lunch naps, especially of 25 or 45 min, enhance both physiological and cognitive performance in elite volleyball players. These findings suggest that integrating short naps into athletes' training regimens can improve performance and focus, with potential gender-specific benefits. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and variations across other sports.Öğe The Acute Effects of 25-Versus 60-Minute Naps on Agility and Vertical Jump Performance in Elite Youth Soccer Players: The Role of Individual Chronotype(Mdpi, 2025) Eken, Ozgur; Oncu, Mertkan; Kurtoglu, Ahmet; Bozkurt, Oguzhan; Turkmen, Musa; Aldhahi, Monira I.Introduction: While napping is recognized as an effective strategy for mitigating insufficient sleep and enhancing athletic recovery, limited research exists on its effects on football players' anaerobic performance, particularly concerning chronotype variations. This study investigated the impact of strategic napping durations on anaerobic performance and agility in football players under the age of 19 (U19), considering individual chronotypes and psychological factors. Methods: Sixteen young football players (age: 17.18 +/- 1.04 years) participated in this crossover randomized controlled study. Participants underwent three conditions: no nap (NoN), 25 min nap (N25), and 60 min nap (N60), with 48 h washout periods between sessions. Performance was assessed using the Countermovement Jump Test (CMJ), Illinois Agility Test, and Illinois Change-of-Direction Test with Ball. Chronotype assessment, sleep quality, and mood states were evaluated using the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Profile of Mood States Questionnaire, respectively. Results: The 60 min nap protocol demonstrated significant improvements in agility performance compared to other conditions, particularly in the Illinois Agility Test and Change-of-Direction Test with Ball. However, no significant differences were observed in CMJ parameters across napping conditions. Chronotype variations showed correlations with agility performance and psychological factors, with evening-type participants displaying different responses to napping interventions compared to morning-type participants. Conclusions: While a 60 min post-lunch nap did not affect anaerobic performance, it positively influenced agility performance in soccer players. Chronotypic differences significantly impacted both agility performance and associated psychological factors. These findings suggest that integrating napping strategies into athletic training programs, while considering individual chronotypic variations, may present opportunities for enhancing specific aspects of athletic performance. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying physiological, psychological, and cognitive mechanisms of these effects.
