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    THE AFFECTS OF INCREASING EXPERIENCE ON THE PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY OPERATIONS
    (Aves, 2007) Ugras, Yahya Murat; Gunes, Ali; Soylu, Ahmet; Baydinc, Yasar Can
    Introduction: Importance and priority of minimally invasive methods in treatment of kidney stones are known and accepted by concerned medical doctors. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a minimally invasive surgical technique that is being applied for 30 years, and is also continuing its evolution meanwhile. From the first years of establishment to date, indications and surgical technique of this operation is developed as well as surgical results. Application in our country for this operation began at 1990's. Knowing how surgical results are affected by passing time and increasing experience is important for both getting information on how budding young surgeons should be trained on this issue and for developing anticipation on the future of percutaneous nephrolithotomy. In this review, in the light of national and international publications, we tried to summarize the evolution process, investigate the affects of increasing clinical and academical experience on results and give an idea on the surgical training methods of percutaneous nephrolithotomy.
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    Comparison of Venous Blood Gas Levels Between Pampiniform Plexus and Brachial Vein in Patients With Varicocele
    (Aves Yayincilik, Ibrahim Kara, 2010) Beytur, Ali; Soylu, Ahmet; Ugras, Yahya Murat; Gunes, Ali; Baydinc, Yasar Can
    Objectives: In this study, we aimed to determine whether there were some changes in the oxygenation and metabolism of testis tissue in patients with varicocele by comparing blood gas levels in dilated pampiniform plexus and brachial vein. Patients and Methods: Venous blood samples of 52 patients (mean age 24.4 +/- 7 years; range 17 to 49 years) who underwent varicocelectomy were taken from most dilated vein of the pampiniform plexus and simultaneously from brachial vein during varicocelectomy. In these samples, pH, lactate, SO(2), pO(2), pCO(2), HCO(3) values were measured and their means were compared. Results: While there were no significant differences between the pH, pO(2) and SO(2) levels of venous samples from brachial vein and pampiniform plexus, lactate level was significantly higher, pCO(2) and HCO(3) levels were significantly lower. Despite these significant differences, mean values measured were within normal laboratory ranges. Conclusion: Although the results of this study showed that varicocele caused statistically significant decreases in the rate of oxygen consumption and metabolism level in the testis tissue compared with the peripheral tissues, values obtained from the venous sample of pampiniform plexus were normal. Therefore, diminished oxygen consumption and decreased metabolism can not explain the negative effects of varicocele on testis tissue. This topic remains to be elucidated in later studies.
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    Evaluation of antioxidant effect of resveratrol on testicular tissue in rats that were exposed to cigarette smoke
    (Aves, 2011) Soylemez, Haluk; Ugras, Yahya Murat; Beytur, Ali; Oguz, Fatih; Kurus, Meltem; Karabulut, Aysun Bay
    Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the negative effects of cigarette on testicular biochemistry and histology of rats and to evaluate if resveratrol could alter these effects. Materials and methods: Thirty-two male Wistar Albino rats were divided into 4 grups for an experiment of 6 weeks. Group 1 was used as control; Group 2 was only exposed to cigarette smoke. Group 3 only received intraperitoneal injections of resveratrol (10 mg/kg/day). Group 4 was exposed to both cigarette smoke and resveratrol (10 mg/kg/day). At the end of the experimental period, the rats were sacrified and testes of all rats were removed. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured on testicular tissue and histopathologic examination was performed with light microscope. Results: Weight follow-up of rats revealed no significant difference among groups. MDA level was lower in cigarette smoke and resveratrol group than that of only cigarette smoke group. GSH level showed significant decrease in only cigarette smoke group, while GSH level increased in cigarette smoke and resveratrol group. Differences in NO levels were not statisticaly significant among groups. The histological evaluation revealed that Johnsen score which indicates spermatogenesis was significantly lower only in cigarette smoke rats than all other groups. Conclusion: Oxidative stress develops in testis of rats that were exposed to cigarette smoke, and resveratrol has preventive effects on this damage with direct or indirect antioxidant activity.