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    Novel immunohistochemical marker in the differential diagnosis of sex cord-stromal tumors: SF-1
    (2022) Alpaslan Duman, Aslihan; Ates Ozdemir, Deniz; Tuncel, Ferah; Usubutun, Alp; Usubutun, Alp
    Aim: Sex cord-stromal tumors are relatively uncommon tumors which constitute approximately 8% of all primary ovarian neoplasms. Morphologic differentiation of non-SCST from SCSTs can be challenging due to microscopic overlap. Immunohistochemistry is beneficial in challenging cases. Inhibin and calretinin have limited sensitivity and specificity, a more sensitive marker is required. SF-1 is known as a promising immunohistochemical marker in the differentiation of SCST from non-SCST ovarian tumors. For this purpose, various non-SCSTs (metastatic and non-metastatic) having morphologic overlap with SCSTs, and multiple SCSTs were stained with SF-1 antibody to elucidate its importance in morphologically challenging cases. Materials and Methods: Twenty-three SCST, 40 non-SCSTs, and an ectopic adrenal tissue were stained with SF-1, and also the percentage and the intensity were scored. SF-1 immunoreactivity was seen in all 23 SCST with varying degrees of intensity and percentage. In contrast, non-SCSTs were negative in all regarding to SF-1. Ectopic adrenal gland tissue and ovarian stroma are positive as non-tumoral lesions. Results: In our series, SF-1 immunoreactivity was seen in all 23 SCST and ectopic adrenal tissue with varying degrees of intensity and diffuseness. In contrast, non-SCSTs were all negative concerning SF-1. In addition; we observed nuclear positivity with SF-1 in 15-75% of the sclerosing stromal tumor cells, whereas inhibin and calretinin were negative in all 4 cases. Conclusion: Our data shows that SF-1 is a nuclear, reliable and surrogate marker for all SCSTs, and can be used routinely.
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    What does the Data of 354,725 Patients from Turkey Tell Us About Cervical Smear Epithelial Cell Abnormalities? - The Epithelial Cell Abnormality Rate is Increasing - Quality Control Studies and Corrective Activity are Musts
    (Federation Turkish Pathology Soc, 2017) Turkmen, Ilknur Cetinaslan; Usubutun, Alp; Cakir, Asli; Aydin, Ozlem; Bolat, Filiz Aka; Akbulut, Metin; Altinay, Serdar
    Objective: There is no other screening program close to the success rate of PAP test. Cervical cytology constitutes a large workload so that quality control in cervical cytology is important for the quality assurance of pathology laboratories. Material and Method: In this study, we collected the cervical cytology results from all over Turkey and discussed the parameters influencing the quality of the PAP test. The study was conducted with Turkish gynaecopathology working group and 38 centers (totally 45 hospitals) agreed to contribute from 24 different cities. The study was designed to cover the cervical cytology results during 2013. The results were evaluated from the data based on an online questionnaire. Results: The total number of Epithelial Cell Abnormality was 18,020 and the global Epithelial Cell Abnormality rate was 5.08% in the total 354,725 smears and ranging between 0.3% to 16.64% among centers. The Atypical squamous cells/Squamous intraepithelial lesion ratios changed within the range of 0.21-13.94 with an average of 2.61. When the centers were asked whether they performed quality assurance studies, only 14 out of 28 centers, which shared the information, had such a control study and some quality parameters were better in these centers. Conclusion: There is an increase in the global Epithelial Cell Abnormality rate and there are great differences among centers. Quality control studies including the Atypical squamous cells/Squamous intraepithelial lesion ratio are important. Corrective and preventive action according to quality control parameters is a must. A cervical cytology subspecialist in every center can be utopic but a dedicated pathologist in the center is certainly needed.