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    Effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibition in experimental Pseudomonas keratitis in rabbits
    (Wichtig Editore, 1998) Er, H; Turkoz, Y; Ozerol, IH; Uzmez, E
    Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NG-nitro-arginine-methyleser (L-NAME) in the treatment of experimental Pseudomonas keratitis. Methods. Twelve young New Zealand white rabbits were given intrastromal injections of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Twenty-four hours later, the rabbits were randomly divided into four groups: group I was treated with topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops and a single subconjunctival injection of L-NAME (150 mg/kg); group 2 received topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin drops alone; group 3 received a single subconjunctival injection of L-NAME alone; group 4, the control group, was treated with topical balanced salt solution (BSS) drops. One drop of either ciprofloxacin of BSS was applied at each treatment interval. Twenty-six hours after the start of treatment, the eyes were examined by slit lamp to assess inflammation. Aqueous humor specimens were collected from each eye to measure the nitric oxide concentration. Corneas were removed to count bacteria results. Results. Slit lamp examination cell scores were significantly lower for groups 1 and 3 than groups 2 and 4 eyes (p = 0.002 to p = 0.004). No Viable bacteria were detected in the corneas of groups 1 and 2. Group 3 corneas had significantly fewer bacteria (6.33 +/- 0.42 x 10(3)) than group 4 (5.94 +/- 0.16 x 10(4)) (p < 0.05). Nitric oxide levels in the aqueous humor were significantly lower for group I eyes than for groups 2, 3, or 4 (p = 0.02, p = 0.01, and p = 0.003, respectively). Conclusions. We conclude that nitric oxide synthase inhibitors may be a useful adjunct but are not a replacement for traditional antibiotic drop therapy.
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    Effects of transforming growth factor-beta 2, interleukin 6 and fibronectin on corneal epithelial wound healing
    (Sage Publications Ltd, 1998) Er, H; Uzmez, E
    Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of topically applied transforming growth factor-beta 2 (TGF-beta 2) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), alone and combined with fibronectin, on the rate of corneal wound healing in rabbits. Methods. Twenty-eight rabbits were used for the experiment. After the right eye of each rabbit was debrided with n-heptyl alcohol, the animals were divided into four treatment groups (six rabbits per group) and one control group (four rabbits). The debrided eyes were treated, beginning immediately after wounding and continuing every 2 hours from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. for 48 hours. Group 1 received TGF-beta 2; group 2 IL-6; group 3, TFR-beta 2 and purified fibronectin; group 4, IL-6 and fibronectin; control group, balanced salt solution. At set intervals each eye was stained with fluorescein and photographed; epithelial defects were measured with a computer-assisted digitizer. The healing rate was calculated by linear regression analysis. Results. The mean healing rates in groups 1, 2, 3, 4, and controls were respectively 1.65 +/- 0.16, 1.68 +/- 0.11, 1.99 +/- 0.12, 2.23 +/- 0.09, and 0.93 +/- 0.18 mm(2)/h. Mean epithelial healing rates for all drug-treatment groups were significantly faster than controls. The healing rates of groups 3 and 4 were significantly faster than groups 1 and 2. Conclusions. We conclude that cytokines, in combination with extracellular matrix proteins, facilitate corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo, possibly by making corneal epithelial cells more sensitive to fibronectin receptors.