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    Epoxy/block copolymer and nanocomposites: Advancements and applications in aerospace
    (Elsevier, 2025) Whba, Rawdah; Whba, Fathyah; Sahinbay, Sevda; Altin, Serdar
    The development of materials for aerospace applications has increasingly focused on epoxy resins, block copolymers (BCPs), and nanocomposites due to their excellent mechanical, thermal, and environmental properties. Epoxy resins are valued for their strength, stiffness, and chemical resistance, but their brittleness and cracking tendencies pose challenges. BCPs address these issues by improving toughness and flexibility. Nanocomposites, incorporating nanoparticles such as graphene, carbon nanotubes, and nanoclays, further enhance the thermomechanical properties and environmental resistance of epoxy/BCP systems. These advanced materials are ideal for aerospace components exposed to harsh conditions, offering improved durability, reduced weight, and enhanced performance. This chapter examines recent progress in integrating epoxy resins and BCPs, focusing on the role of nanocomposites in overcoming material limitations for aerospace applications. It also discusses the challenges of achieving uniform nanoparticle dispersion, ensuring long-term durability under extreme conditions, and overcoming manufacturing complexities. Despite these challenges, these materials have the potential to revolutionize the aerospace industry, improving performance, reducing weight, and increasing durability, thus driving future innovations in aircraft design and performance. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..
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    Unlocking the Potential of Epoxidized Natural Rubber (ENR)-Based Polymer Electrolytes: Key Strategies, Bibliometric Insights, and Future Directions
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2025) Whba, Rawdah; Sahinbay, Sevda; Whba, Fathyah; Nakir, Muhammed Yusuf; Altin, Serdar
    Natural rubber (NR) and its modified forms, such as epoxidized NR (ENR), are widely used in industries due to their versatility, biodegradability, and unique elastomeric properties. ENR has recently gained attention as a sustainable alternative to synthetic polymer electrolytes (PEs) in low- to moderate-temperature electrochemical devices, including lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), supercapacitors, and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). It offers advantages such as low cost, eco-friendliness, and excellent film-forming ability. However, its practical application is hindered by poor mechanical strength, low ionic conductivity, and limited thermal and chemical stability, making it unsuitable for high-temperature systems like solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Advanced modification techniques-such as blending with reinforcing polymers, chemical cross-linking, graft copolymerization, and nanofiller incorporation-have been explored to overcome these limitations. These strategies significantly enhance ENR's mechanical robustness, ionic transport, and resistance to heat and solvents, improving its viability for targeted electrochemical applications. This perspective discusses recent progress in ENR-based PEs, emphasizing conductivity, moisture resistance, and long-term durability improvements. Sustainable fabrication methods are also critical to developing high-performance membranes that minimize fuel crossover while maintaining efficient ion transport. Therefore, future research should optimize ENR's electrochemical properties and thermal stability to support performance under challenging operating conditions.