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    The duration of sleep in adolescent student in Denpasar
    (2019) Utami, Desak Ketut Indrasari; Swanda, I Gusti Agung Gede Ari; Widyadharma, zI Putu Eka; Sihanto, Rindha Dwi
    Aim: To determine the duration of sleep of adolescents in high school in Denpasar. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study, using a randomized sampling technique Performed in high school in Denpasar by the questionnaire-based survey. The inclusion criteria are adolescents of high school-aged 12-18 years agreed and signed a letter of approval as the subject of the study. Samples with medical disorders, psychiatric disorder, neurological disorders excluded. Research variables included: 1. Teen sleep duration in one day; 2. Variety of activities carried out by the subject both in & out school; 3. Sports habits; 4. Body Mass Index. Retrieving Data with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Hamilton Halt Rating Scale (HARS) depression scale, obtained from the questionnaire the value of sleep duration and sleep quality index. Data were processed using SPSS 22. Results: 183 samples and 18 samples excluded because of medical illness. As many as 59.3% of women, the average age of 16.04 years, of which 54.5% sleep duration 8 hours with an average of 6-6.5 hours per day and started to sleep at 23.00 and 24.00, BMI 61,8% normal. The regular event of the subject is 1.72 hours per day outside the routine learning activities in the classroom, with the highest number of hours of exercise each day is 3 hours. Conclusion: The average sleep duration of adolescents in high schools in Denpasar is lacking and tends to prefer to sleep late at night.
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    Prolonged use of statins and peripheral neuropathy: A systematic review
    (2021) Widyadharma, zI Putu Eka; Tedyanto, Eric Hartono; Samatra, Dewa Putu Gede Purwa; Laksmidewi, Agung Ayu Putri; Adnyana, I Made Oka
    Peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common neurological disorder. Traditionally, diabetes mellitus is the most common aetiology of peripheral neuropathy. However, there are many other aetiologies of peripheral neuropathy, such as drug-induced, spinal trauma, alcoholism, vitamin B12 deficiency, and many more. In previous studies, long-term statin use was also associated with peripheral neuropathy. We conducted a systematic search through PubMed and Embase using the protocol following the PRISMA statement in making a systematic review. W e included article that published in the last 10 years (from 2011 until July 2020). Two reviewers extracted data from the articles that have been selected. We extracted the study population, study design, type of intervention, control variable, p-value, and the outcome of the study We found 250 journals in our search strategy, and at the end, 4 journals included. Some studies revealed that peripheral neuropathy was observed during the long-term treatment of statin. However, some studies also revealed that statin does not increase the risk of peripheral neuropathy. The possible mechanism of statin-induced peripheral neuropathy in humans are disturbing the function and integrity of cell membrane, the role of alfa-tocopherol or Vitamin E, and the role of ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q10). In contrast, it is believed that statins lowering the risk of peripheral neuropathy through the anti-inflammatory effects of statins. Different result from each study can be caused by various factors. Besides the peripheral neuropathy side effect that described in the literature, statins are well tolerated. Awareness the side effects would lead to better treatment. Future study about association between statins and peripheral neuropathy is needed.