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Öğe PlantDiseaseNet: convolutional neural network ensemble for plant disease and pest detection(Springer London Ltd, 2022) Turkoglu, Muammer; Yanikoglu, Berrin; Hanbay, DavutPlant diseases and pests cause significant losses in agriculture, with economic, ecological and social implications. Therefore, early detection of plant diseases and pests via automated methods are very important. Recent machine learning-based studies have become popular in the solution of agricultural problems such as plant diseases. In this work, we present two classification models based on deep feature extraction from pre-trained convolutional neural networks. In the proposed models, we fine-tune and combine six state-of-the-art convolutional neural networks and evaluate them on the given problem both individually and as an ensemble. Finally, the performances of different combinations based on the proposed models are calculated using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. In order to verify the validity of the proposed model, we collected Turkey-PlantDataset, consisting of unconstrained photographs of 15 kinds of disease and pest images observed in Turkey. According to the obtained performance results, the accuracy scores are calculated as 97.56% using the majority voting ensemble model and 96.83% using the early fusion ensemble model. The results demonstrate that the proposed models reach or exceed state-of-the-art results for this problem.Öğe Swin-MFINet: Swin transformer based multi-feature integration network for detection of pixel-level surface defects(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Uzen, Huseyin; Turkoglu, Muammer; Yanikoglu, Berrin; Hanbay, DavutAutomatic surface defect detection is critical for manufacturing industries, such as steel, fabric, and marble industries. This study proposes a Swin transformer-based model called Multi-Feature Integration Network (Swin-MFINet) for pixel-level surface defect detection. The proposed model consists of an encoder, a Swin transformer-based decoder, and Multi-Feature Integration (MFI) modules. In the encoder module of the proposed model, a pre-trained Inception network is used to extract key features from small-size datasets. In the decoder section, global semantic features are obtained from the initial features by using the Swin-transformer block, which is the newest transformer technology of today. In addition, the convolution layer is used in the last step of the decoder, since transformers are limited in acquiring small spatial details such as edges, colors, and textures, which are important in detecting some small defects. In the last module called MFI, feature maps from different decoder stages are combined, and the channel squeeze-spatial excitation block is applied to reveal important features. Finally, a prediction map is obtained by applying a convolution layer and sigmoid activation function to the MFI module output, respectively. The performance of proposed model is analyzed over MT and MVTec datasets containing surface defect images. The proposed model obtained mIoU scores of 81.37%, and 77.07% respectively, for these two datasets These results outperform the state-of-the-art for the surface defect detection problem.