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    Apelin has inhibitory effect of endothelium-independent relaxation in the human internal mammary artery
    (2019) Kacar, Emine; Burma, Oktay; Serhatlioglu, Ihsan; Ulker, Nazife; Uysal, Ayhan; Yardimci, Ahmet; Kelestimur, Haluk
    Aim: Apelin has important effects on the circulatory system and heart. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effects of apelin-13 on the contraction induced by norepinephrine (NE), and the endothelium-independent relaxation induced by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in human internal mammary artery (IMA) obtained from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. Material and Methods: IMA rings, obtained from patients undergoing CABG surgery, were suspended in isolated tissue baths containing Krebs-Henseleit solution, which were continuously gassed with 95% O2 and 5% CO2 at 37°C. Results: The IMA rings were pre-contracted with increasing concentrations of norepinephrine (NE 10-9–10-4 mol/l) and the endothelium-independent relaxation responses to sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were studied. Apelin-13 (10 μM) caused a dosedependent relaxation in NE pre-contracted IMA rings. Apelin also facilitated the endothelium-independent relaxation induced by SNP. Conclusion: According to the results, apelin facilitated the endothelium-independent relaxation and inhibited the contractile activity of IMA. These results suggest that apelin may be a physiological agent against the deterioration of vascular elasticity caused by endothelial damage especially in atherosclerotic cardiac patients and hypertensive patients.