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    Acute Toxicity of Synthetic Pyretroid Cypermethrin to the Young Rainbow Trout (Oncorhychus mykiss Walbaum, 1792)
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2009) Kuecuekbay, F. Z.; Doeruecue, M.; Yazlak, H.
    The acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a potential toxic pollutant was examined in this study. Young rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), 50-60 g in weight and 10-15 cm in length was used for the bioassay experiments. Cumulative mortality and 24,48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values were determined for young rainbow trout. The behaviour of young rainbow trout at each cypermethrin concentration was also observed. Data obtained from this study were evaluated by use of probit analysis statistical method, The 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values (95 % confidence limit) for young rainbow trout were estimated to be 68.492 (35.704-101.280), 55.941 (27.616-84.266),47.597 (43.344-51.715) and 41.786 (39.823-43.371) mu g/L, respectively.
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    Effects of dietary arginine silicate inositol complex on mineral status in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
    (Wiley, 2008) Kucukbay, F. Z.; Yazlak, H.; Sahin, N.; Akdemir, F.; Orhan, C.; Juturu, V.; Sahin, K.
    Arginine silicate inositol complex (ASI; arginine 49.47 g kg(-1), silicon 8.2 g kg(-1), inositol 25 g kg(-1)), a novel composition that is a bioavailable source of silicon and arginine, has potential benefits for vascular and bone health. We have previously reported that bone mineral content increased and the amount of Ca, P, Mg and Mn in the excreta decreased in poultry with ASI supplementation. In the present study, the effect of ASI supplementation at various levels (0, 500, 1000 mg kg(-1) ASI) on growth, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and concentrations of body elements, operculum bone ash and activity of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in rainbow trout was evaluated. Ninety 0+ year-old rainbow trout with initial average weight of 50 +/- 3 g were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, three replicates of 10 fish each. The fish were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 500 or 1000 mg of ASI. Body weight gain (P = 0.25), feed intake (P = 0.36) and feed efficiency (P = 0.42) were not signifcantly influenced by the dietary ASI supplementation. Per cent operculum bone ash (634 g kg(-1) versus 558 g kg(-1), P = 0.001) and ALP activity (112 UL-1 versus 92 UL-1, P = 0.001) linearly increased as dietary ASI supplementation increased. Increasing dietary ASI supplementation linearly increased serum and whole body Ca (P = 0.01), P (P = 0.01), Mg (P = 0.05; P = 0.001) Mn (P = 0.05; P = 0.01) and Zn (P = 0.01; P = 0.02) concentrations respectively. In conclusion, ASI supplementation to the basal diet significantly improved operculum bone ash and whole body mineral content in rainbow trout and did not impact feed consumption, weight gain or FCR.
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    The effects of dietary organic or inorganic selenium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) under crowding conditions
    (Wiley, 2009) Kucukbay, F. Z.; Yazlak, H.; Karaca, I.; Sahin, N.; Tuzcu, M.; Cakmak, M. N.; Sahin, K.
    In the present study, the effects of different sources of selenium (Se; sodium selenite or selenomethionine) supplementation on the growth and serum concentrations of oxidative stress markers [malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-isoprostane, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity] and muscle Se, MDA and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) levels in rainbow trouts were evaluated. The fish (n = 360; 0 + years old) with initial average weight of 20 +/- 0.8 g were randomly assigned to 12 treatment groups consisting of 3 replicates of 10 fish each in a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (stocking densities, Se sources, Se levels). The fish were kept at low (25 kg m-3) or high (100 kg m-3) stocking densities and fed a basal (control) diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 0.15 or 0.30 mg of Se kg-1 of diet from two different forms: sodium selenite or selenomethionine. High stocking density decreased weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) when basal diet was fed (P = 0.001). A linear increase in feed intake and weight gain and improvement in FCR were found in sodium selenite (P = 0.01)- or selenomethionine (P = 0.001)-supplemented fish reared under crowding conditions. Serum and muscle Se levels and serum GSH-Px activity increased (P = 0.001) linearly, whereas serum and muscle MDA concentrations and serum 8-isoprostane decreased linearly as dietary sodium selenite (P = 0.01) or selenomethionine (P = 0.001) supplementation increased. Selenomethionine and sodium selenite supplementation decreased Hsp70 in the muscle of fish reared under crowding conditions (P < 0.05). Supplementation with Se improved growth and antioxidant status of fish and the effects of selenomethionine were relatively greater than sodium selenite in the crowded groups. Results suggest that crowding conditions cause significant detrimental effects in rainbow trout indicated by increased oxidative stress, reduced feed intake and body weight gain. It also indicates that dietary Se supplementation offers a feasible way of reducing the losses in performance of rainbow trout reared under crowding conditions. Selenomethionine seems to be more effective than sodium selenite and the higer dose in the present study also seems to be more effective than the lower dose.