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    The effect of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on free radicals
    (Springer, 2000) Sare, M; Yilmaz, I; Hamamci, D; Birincioglu, M; Özmen, M; Yesilada, Ö
    Background: Carbon dioxide is usually preferred as the insufflating agent for laparoscopic surgery because it is readily available, noncombustible, and chemically stable. It is still questionable, however, if CO2 pneumoperitoneum has any effect on free radicals and lipid peroxidation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on free radicals and lipid peroxidation in the erythrocytes of rats. Methods: Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five equal,groups: controls, a sham-operation group, and three groups of 5, 10, or 15 mmHg pneumoperitoneum with CO2. At the end of the procedure, blood was collected and the erythrocytes were separated from the plasma. The resultant supernatant fractions of erythrocytes were assayed For superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: SOD activities of the 5 and 10 mmHg pneumoperitoneum groups were significantly lower than those of the sham operation group. SOD activity was greater in the 15 mmHg pneumoperitoneum group than in any of the other groups, and this activity was significantly different from that seen in the 5 and 10 mmHg pneumoperitoneum groups (p < 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the CAT activities of the study,groups (p > 0.05). MDA level was increased in the 5 mmHg pneumoperitoneum group; this result was statistically different from the control and 15 mmHg pneumoperitoneum groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the CAT activities for the study groups. On the other hand, the SOD activities of the 5 and 10 mmHg pneumoperitoneum groups were significantly lower than those of the sham and the 15 mmHg pneumoperitoneum group (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Conclusions: These results indicate that CO2 pneumoperitoneum applied with 5-10 mmHg pressure increases the formation of free oxygen radicals by inhibiting SOD activity and that the accumulation of free radicals elevates the level of MDA, a metabolite of Lipid peroxidation. The effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on free radicals and lipid peroxidation is pressure-dependent in rats. The mechanism underlying this pressure dependency is still under investigation.
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    Effects of carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on free radical formation in lung and liver tissues
    (Springer, 2002) Sare, M; Hamamci, D; Yilmaz, I; Birincioglu, M; Mentes, BB; Özmen, M; Yesilada, Ö
    Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumoperitoneum on free radical formation and lipid peroxidation in the lung and liver tissues of rats. Methods: For this study, 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five equal groups: control (group 1); sham operation (group 2): 5, 10, or 15 mmHg (group 3, 4, or 5) pneumoperitoneum with CO2 groups. At the end of the procedures, the rats were killed, and perfusion was performed via vena jugularis with cold Ringer's lactate. After the perfusion procedure, the lung and liver were harvested, and the supernatant fractions of the lungs and livers were assayed for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results: Both the lung and liver CAT activities were elevated consistently and significantly in the order of the study groups. as compared with the previous groups (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). The lung and liver SOD levels were elevated in groups 4 and 5, as compared with the other groups (p < 0.05). The lung MDA was significantly higher in groups 3 and 4, but not in group 5. Significant elevation in liver MDA was noted only in the 5-mmHg pneumoperitoneum group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicate that CO2 pneumoperitoneum applied with 5, 10, or 15 mmHg pressure increases the formation of free oxygen radicals, which is counterbalanced by increased SOD and CAT activities of the lung and liver tissues. This effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on free radicals and lipid peroxidation appears to be pressure dependent in rats. The mechanism underlying this pressure dependency is still under investigation.
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    Studies on the toxic and genotoxic effect of olive oil mill wastewater
    (Inst Lebensmitteltechnologie Analytische Chemie, 1999) Yesilada, E; Özmen, M; Yesilada, Ö
    Acute lethality and genotoxic effects of olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) were studied. OOMW showed lethality on amphibian tadpoles of Rana ridibunda and Bufo viridis. The LC50 values were found to be 2.59% and 2.12% for R. ridibunda and B. viridis, respectively. OOMW had also genotoxic effect on Drosophila melanogaster. Treatment of OOMW (1:9 v/v OOMW:dH(2)O) with Funalia trogii, reduced the phenol, COD and color contents of this waste and decreased the toxicity in tadpoles.