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Öğe Adsorptive removal of textile dyes from aqueous solutions by dead fungal biomass(Wiley, 2006) Asma, D; Kahraman, S; Cing, S; Yesilada, ODead fungal biomass prepared from Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Funalia trogii was tested for their efficiency in removal of textile dyes. The effects of contact time, initial dye concentration, amount of dead biomass and agitation rate on dye removal have been determined. Removal of all dyes required a very short time (60 min). Experimental results show that, P. chrysosporium was more effective than F. trogii. An increase in the amount of dead biomass positively affected of the dye removal. The removal efficiency of different amount of biomass was in order 1g > 0.5 > 0.2 > 0.1 The highest removal was obtained at 150-200 rpm. Slightly lower removing activities were found at lower agitation rates. This study showed that it was possible to remove textile dyes by dead biomass of P. chrysosporium.Öğe Astrazon Red dye decolorization by growing cells and pellets of Funalia trogii(Wiley, 2004) Cing, S; Yesilada, OThe dye decolorization activity of fungal pellets has been compared with another method based on the decolorization of dye by growing cells. The pellet method was more advantageous than the growing cell method. The growing cells of F. trogii decolorized 21% of the dye in distilled water medium and 16% in stock basal medium in 24 h. On the other hand, Funalia trogii pellets rapidly decolorized the Astrazon Red dye, mono-azo textile dye, in 24 h, without any visual sorption of any dye to the pellets. The effect of various supplements on longevity of decolorization by free pellets was also tested. Glucose and cheese whey supplementation improved dye decolorization performance of the pellets and remained high and stable for 10 days. We also tested the dye decolorization ability of pellets immobilized on activated carbon. These pellets showed the stable dye decolorization activity during the repeated batch experiments. The study revealed that dye decolorization by pellets is more effective method than the growing cell method.Öğe Biodegradation of olive oil mill wastewater by Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii: effects of agitation, initial COD concentration, inoculum size and immobilization(Kluwer Academic Publ, 1998) Yesilada, O; Sik, S; Sam, MThe biodegradation of olive oil mill wastewater (OOMW) by Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii was investigated. Initial COD concentration, agitation and inoculum size were all found to be significant for biodegradation. Adding glucose, sulphate or nitrogen had no effect on biodegradation. During growth in optimum conditions, C. versicolor removed approximately 63% COD, 90% phenol and 65% colour within 6 days and trogii removed approximately 70% COD, 93% phenol and 81% colour of the OOMW used. The fungi also excreted large amounts of extracellular laccase into the medium. High biodegradation yields were also obtained by fungi immobilized in calcium alginate gels.Öğe Biosorption of copper(II) by live and dried biomass of the white rot fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Funalia trogii(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2005) Kahraman, S; Asma, D; Erdemoglu, S; Yesilada, OBiosorption is an innovative and alternative technology to remove heavy metal pollutants from aqueous solution using live, inactive and dead biomasses such as algae, bacteria and fungi. In this study, live and dried biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Funalia trogii was applied as heavy metal adsorbent material. Biosorption of copper(II) cations in aqueous solution by live and dried biomass of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Funalia trogii was investigated to study the effects of initial heavy metal concentration, pH, temperature, contact time, agitation rate and amount of fungus. Copper(II) was taken up quickly by fungal biomass (live or dried) during the first 15 min and the most important factor which affected the copper adsorption by live and dried biomass was the pH value. An initial pH of around 5.0 allowed for an optimum adsorption performance. Live biomass of two white rot fungi showed a high copper adsorption capacity compared with dried biomass. Copper(II) uptake was found to be independent of temperature in the range of 20-45degreesC. The initial metal ion concentration (10-300 mg/L) significantly influenced the biosorption capacity of these fungi. The results indicate that a biosorption as high as 40-60% by live and dried biomass can be obtained under optimum conditions.Öğe Decolorization and bioremediation of molasses wastewater by white-rot fungi in a semi-solid-state condition(Springer, 2003) Kahraman, S; Yesilada, OMolasses wastewater (vinasse; the by-product of distillation of fermented sugar) was decolorized and its chemical oxygen demand (COD) was reduced in static cultivation using the fungi Coriolus versicolor, Funalia trogii, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus pulmonarius ('Pleurotus sajor-cajit'). The effect of cotton stalk on decolorizing and COD removing capability of four fungi was determined. In the entire concentration range tested (10-30 %), wastewater was effectively decolorized by C. versicolor and F. trogii. Cotton stalk addition stimulated the decolorization activity of all fungi. The utilization of cotton stalk represents several advantages due to its function as an attachment place and as a source of nutrients; its use also reduces process costs.Öğe Decolorization of Orange II dye by white-rot fungi(Folia Microbiologica, 2001) Sam, M; Yesilada, OAgitation, temperature, inoculum size, initial pH and pH of buffered medium affected the decolorization of Orange II dye by Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii. The optimum temperature and initial pH value for decolorization were 30 degreesC and 6.5-7.0, respectively; pH 4.5 was the most efficient in buffered cultures. High decolorization extents were reached at all agitation rates. At an inoculum size of more than 1 mt, the extent of decolorization changed only slightly. High extents were obtained using immobilized fungi at repeated batch mode.Öğe Decolorization of textile dyeing wastewater by Phanerochaete chrysosporium(Folia Microbiologica, 2003) Cing, S; Asma, D; Apohan, E; Yesilada, OThe potential use of fungal pellets for decolorization of the textile dyeing wastewater was evaluated. The live pellets of the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium were found to remove more than 95% of the color of this wastewater within 1 d. The dye-removal capacity was a function of time and was proportional to the agitation rate; the optimum temperature was 30 degreesC. Both live and dead pellets were further examined in a repeated-batch mode for 5 d. The decolorization performance of live pellets remained high and stable for 5 d and they showed twice to thrice higher decolorization capacity than dead pellets.Öğe Decolorization of textile dyes by fungal pellets(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2003) Yesilada, O; Asma, D; Cing, SDecolorization of various dyes by pellets of white rot fungi was studied. All fungal pellets used could remove more than 75% of the color of these dyes in 24 h. Effect of various conditions such as initial pH, concentration of dye, amount of pellet, temperature and agitation on Astrazone blue dye decolorization activity of Funalia trogii was tested and the longevity of this decolorization activity under optimum conditions was investigated in repeated-batch mode. An increase in the amount of pellet positively affected the longevity of the decolorization activity while a decrease in dye decolorization capability of pellets occurred with increasing dye concentration in repeated-batch mode. Spectrophotometric and microscopic examinations of F trogii pellets showed that the process involved decolorization through microbial metabolism but not biosorption. The effect of glucose concentration and cheese whey on longevity of decolorization activity was also tested. The percentage of decolorization at a dye concentration of 264 mg/l remained high after 10 days operation especially in culture media with cheese whey. This study showed that white rot fungal pellets could effectively be used as an alternative to the traditional physicochemical process. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Decolourisation of the textile dye astrazon red FBL by Funalia trogii pellets(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2002) Yesilada, O; Cing, S; Asma, DThe effects of various conditions such as initial pH, dye concentrations, amount of pellet, temperature and agitation on decolourising activity of Funalia trogii were investigated. These, except initial pH, were all found to be important for dye decolourising activity of F. trogii. The decolourisation of the dye involved adsorption of the dye compound by fungal pellets at the initial stage, followed by the decolourisation through microbial metabolism. Heat-killed pellets were also tested for their ability to decolourise Astrazon Red dye. These pellets adsorbed the dye and 55% decolourisation was obtained in 24 h. But at the second cycle there was only 24% decolourisation. Our observation showed that Astrazon Red dye decolourisation by heat-killed pellets was mainly due to biosorption. The longevity of the decolourisation activity of F. trogii pellets was also investigated in repeated batch mode. Variations in the amount of pellet increased % decolourisation and stability of pellets. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Effect of paraquat on cellular defense enzymes and glutathione level of Funalia trogii(Springer, 2002) Asma, D; Yesilada, OThe effect of paraquat on the activities of antioxidant defense and detoxifying enzymes of the white-rot fungus Funalia trogii was determined. Paraquat increased the activities of glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GT) and superoxide dismutase at 1 mmol/L, while at 0.1 mmol/L it did not affect the activity of GR and GT. It depressed the catalase activity and the amount of glutathione at all concentrations used. Paraquat treatment probably depresses antioxidant defense components such as catalase and glutathione.Öğe Effect of spent cotton stalks on color removal and chemical oxygen demand lowering in olive oil mill wastewater by white rot fungi(Springer, 1999) Kahraman, S; Yesilada, OWastewater from olive oil mill was decolorized land its chemical oxygen demand reduced in static cultivation) using the fungi Coriolus versicolor, Funalia trogii, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and Pleurotus sajor-caju. The effect of cotton stalk on decolorizing and COD removing capability was demonstrated. P. chrysosporium (in 20 % medium with cotton stalk) reduced the COD by 48 % and color by 58 %, F. trogii (in 30 % medium with cotton stalk) ) by 51 and 55 %, respectively.Öğe Effects of CO2 insufflation on bacterial growth in rats with Escherichia coli-induced experimental peritonitis(Lippincott-Raven Publ, 1997) Sare, M; Yesilada, O; Gurel, M; Balkaya, M; Yologlu, S; Fiskin, KThe effects of i.p. CO2 insufflation on bacterial proliferation in a setting of Escherichia coli-induced experimental peritonitis was studied in a rat model. Six male Wistar rats were given 0.25 ml of i.p. saline and formed the sham operation group. Twenty-four rats were divided into three groups, and all had i.p. E, coli injections. Microorganism counts were taken after 8 h in ail groups. Group I was used as the control group. Group 2 (laparoscopy) was insufflated with CO2, and group 3 (laparotomy) had a midline laparotomy. Microorganism counts were repeated 8 h after the procedures (16 h after i.p. E. coli inoculation). Postoperative microorganism counts were significantly higher in the CO2 insufflation group (p < 0.05) compared with the control and laparotomy groups and showed an increase, whereas they decreased in the other two groups.Öğe Industrial and agricultural wastes as substrates for laccase production by white-rot fungi(Springer, 2001) Kahraman, S; Yesilada, OWhite-rot fungi, Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii, produced laccase on media with diluted olive-oil mill wastewater and vinasse. Addition of spent cotton stalks enhanced the laccase activity with a maximum after 12 d of cultivation.Öğe Plant growth hormone production from olive oil mill and alcohol factory wastewaters by white rot fungi(Kluwer Academic Publ, 1999) Yürekli, F; Yesilada, O; Yürekli, M; Topcuoglu, SFIn this study, olive oil mill and alcohol factory wastewaters have been tested as growth media for the production of plant growth hormones. Funalia trogii ATCC 200800 and Trametes versicolor ATCC 200801 have been tested. Gibberellic acid (GA(3)), abscisic acid (ABA), indole acetic acid (IAA), and cytokinin were determined in the culture media of these fungi. Both organisms produced enhanced levels of all three hormones in the presence of either of the wastewaters.Öğe Preparation and characterization of a clay-polyvinylpyridinium matrix for the removal of bacterial cells from water(Chapman Hall Ltd, 1997) Seckin, T; Onal, Y; Yesilada, O; Gultek, APolyvinylpyridinium salts were immobilized onto a clay matrix and were then tested for their antibacterial properties. The clay-polyvinylpyridinium matrix was prepared by the copolymerization of gamma-methacryloxypropyltriethoxy silane bonded covalently to clay and 4-vinylpyridine and subsequent quaternization with benzyl halides. Suspension tests for antibacterial properties of the immobilized bactericide against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated the high activity of the pyridinium salts that are bonded to the polyacrylate spacer. Advantageously, these insoluble clay-polymer bactericides could be applied without any contamination by the substrate.Öğe Role of white rot fungus Funalia trogii in detoxification of textile dyes(Wiley, 2005) Apohan, E; Yesilada, OToxic and genotoxic effects of the textile dyes on organisms suggest the need for remediation of dyes before discharging them into the environment. For this reason, the ability of Funalia trogii pellets to detoxify textile dyes was investigated and evaluated. Although, textile dyes are toxic substances for many microorganisms, the pellets were able to decolorize and detoxify the azo dyes used. Astrazon Blue and Red dyes inhibit growth of F. trogii and S. aureus on solid medium in a concentration dependent manner. The toxicity of these dyes on a fungus, F. trogii and a bacterium, S. aureus was significantly decreased after pretreatment with fungal pellets.
