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Öğe Accessory mitral valve tissue manifesting cerebrovascular thromboembolic event in a 34-year-old woman(Elsevier Sci Ireland Ltd, 2003) Yetkin, E; Turhan, H; Atak, R; Senen, K; Cehreli, SAccessory mitral valve tissue is an extremely rare congenital cardiac anomaly. Most of the cases reported in the medical literature were associated with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. The majority of cases of accessory mitral valve tissue, causing left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, occur in association with other congenital cardiac anomalies. In this reported case, a patient with accessory mitral valve tissue complicated with thromboembolic cerebrovascular event is presented. The patient also had an associated idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Activation of coagulation system in dilated cardiomyopathy: comparison of patients with and without left ventricular thrombus(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004) Erbay, AR; Turhan, H; Aksoy, Y; Senen, K; Yetkin, EObjectives We aimed to investigate plasma levels of molecular markers for platelet activity, thrombin activation and fibrinolytic status in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) with and without left ventricular (LV) thrombus and to compare these markers between patients with DCM and control participants. Materials and methods The study population comprised 60 patients with DCM who met the inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into two groups: 22 patients with LV thrombus and 38 patients without LV thrombus. The age-matched control group consisted of 23 healthy participants (18 men and five women with a mean age of 49). Patients with DCM and healthy participants were compared with respect to platelet activity, thrombin activation and fibrinolytic status. These comparisons were also performed in patients with DCM with and without LV thrombus. Results Platelet factor 4 (28.2+/-4.4 ng/ml compared with 20+/-3.1 ng/ml, P<0.01) and beta-thromboglobulin (40+/-2 ng/ml compared with 17+/-3 ng/ml) levels, reflecting platelet activity, were significantly higher in patients with DCM than in control participants. Fibrinopeptide A (6.94+/-0.69 ng/ml compared with 1.96+/-0.1 ng/ml, P<0.001) and thrombin-antithrombin III complex (5.26+/-2.60 ng/ml compared with 3.17+/-1.23 ng/ml, P<0.001) levels, as markers of fibrin generation, were also higher in patients with DCM than in normal participants. Plasma levels of D-dimer (118+/-16 ng/ml compared with 85+/-3 ng/ml, P<0.001) and plasmin-alpha(2)-plasmin inhibitor complex (0.8+/-1.1 mug/ml compared with 0.6+/-1.7 mug/ml, P<0.001) in patients with DCM significantly exceeded those in the normal participants. There were no statistically significant differences between patients with and without LV thrombus in DCM with respect to platelet activity, thrombin activation and fibrinolytic status. Conclusion We have shown that platelet activation, thrombin activation and fibrinolytic activity are increased in patients with DCM compared to control participants. However, these markers reflecting coagulation activation in patients with LV thrombus are comparable to those in patients without LV thrombus. (C) 2004 Lippincott Williams Wilkins.Öğe Aneurismal disease of different vascular territories: Is it a rare association?(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2005) Yetkin, E; Yetkin, G; Turhan, H[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Changes in antibody titers against Chlamydia pneumoniae after coronary angioplasty(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2004) Yetkin, G; Yetkin, E; Aksoy, Y; Gurbuz, OA; Mert, AObjectives: The potential role of common infectious agents in the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis has been studied increasingly over the last decade. The evidence for Chlamydia pneumoniae as a potential causative agent is strong and is based on the findings of numerous sero-epidemiological studies, examination of atheromatous plaque specimens, in vitro animal models. We performed a prospective study in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) patients to investigate whether the angioplasty procedure influenced the specific humoral immune response reaction against C. pneumoniae antigens. Methods: We studied 76 patients who successfully underwent PTCA for de novo lesions. Blood samples were drawn immediately before PTCA and 1 month after PTCA. IgG and IgA antibodies against C. pneumoniae (strain CDC/CY&-029) were determined by an in-house developed enzyme inummoassay. Results: At the time of angioplasty 75% and 34% of the patients had seropositive antibodies to elementary bodies (EBs) of classes IgG and IgA, respectively. Mean titers of IgG antibodies before and I month after PTCA were 46 +/- 31 and 50 +/- 28 relative units (RU/ml) (P > 0.05). One month after PTCA, 97% and 34% of the patients had seropositive antibodies to EBs of classes IgG and IgA, respectively. We divided our patients into two groups on the basis of IgG seropositivity (group I: Chlamydia antibody IgG seronegative patients, group II: Chlamydia antibody IgG seropositive) before PTCA. Significant increase in the antibody titers of IgG (12 5 vs. 40 18, P < 0.001) and IgA (0.6 +/- 0.33 vs. 1.15 +/- 0.83, P = 0.007) was observed in group I patients 1 month after PTCA and 88% of them gained IgG seropositivity. There were no significant changes in IgG and IgA antibody levels in group II after PTCA. Conclusion: We have demonstrated a statistically significant rise in C. pneumoniae antibodies (especially IgG) induced by PTCA in patients previously seronegative. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Changes in antibody titers against chlamydia pneumoniae after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2002) Yetkin, G; Yetkin, E; Aksoy, Y; Ileri, M; Mert, A; Cehreli, S[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Changes in plasma levels of adhesion molecules after percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty(Elsevier Science Inc, 2004) Yetkin, E; Erbay, AR; Turhan, H; Balci, M; Yetkin, F; Yetkin, G; Ileri, MBackground: Adhesion molecules are expressed on vascular endothelium and on immune and inflammatory cells. Recently increased levels of adhesion molecules have been shown in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis. This study examined the serum levels of the adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule I (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule I (VCAM-1), and E-selectin in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis and the effects of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) on these adhesion molecules. Materials and methods: Thirty five patients (3 men, 32 women, mean age 39 5 years) with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis who underwent percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty, and 35 age and sex matched healthy control subjects were included in the study. Serum levels of ICAM-1, VCAM-I, and E-selectin were measured in all patients who underwent PMBV and in all control subjects. Blood samples were taken for measurement of adhesion molecules immediately before and 24 h after the mitral balloon valvuloplasty. Results: The plasma levels of soluble adhesion molecules E-selectin, ICAM-I and VCAM-I were significantly elevated in patients with mitral stenosis compared to control subjects: E-selectin, 97 +/- 59 vs. 45 +/- 24 ng/ml (P=.001), sICAM-1, 874 +/- 301 ng/ml vs. 238 82 ng/ml (P<.0001); sVCAM-1, 3056 +/- 763 ng/ml vs. 985 +/- 298 ng/ml (P<.0001). Plasma levels of VCAM-1 significantly increased 24 h after the valvuloplasty procedure (3056 +/- 763 ng/ml vs. 3570 +/- 1225 ng/ml P=.013). Plasma levels of E-selectin showed a significant decrease after PMBV (97 +/- 59 vs. 70 +/- 58 ng/ml, P=.043) and plasma levels of ICAM-I did not show any change after PMBV (874 +/- 301 vs. 944 +/- 3 77 ng/ml, P=.356). Conclusion: Cellular adhesion molecules, sICAM-1, E-selectin, sVCAM-1 have shown changes in different directions in response to PMBV These results necessitate further studies to clarify the mechanism underlying the association between adhesion molecules and PMBV as well as rheumatic mitral stenosis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Comparison of C-reactive protein levels inpatients with coronary artery ectasia versus patients with obstructive coronary artery disease(Excerpta Medica Inc-Elsevier Science Inc, 2004) Turhan, H; Erbay, AR; Yasar, AS; Balci, M; Bicer, A; Yetkin, EThis study evaluated plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, a specific marker of inflammation, in 32 patients with isolated coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and compared the results with those of 32 patients with obstrucfive coronary artery disease without coronary artery ectasia and 30 subjects with angiographically normal coronary arteries. CRP levels were found to be significandy higher in patients with isolated CAE (p < 0.001), suggesting that more severe inflammation may be involved in the pathogenesis of CAE. (C) 2004 by Excerpta Medica, Inc.Öğe Comparison of low dose DSE and echocardiography during GIK infusion for the detection of myocardial viability after anterior myocardial infarction(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2002) Yetkin, E; Kubilay, S; Atak, R; Ileri, M; Tandogan, I; Turhan, H; Kosar, F[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Comparison of low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography and echocardiography during glucose-insulin-potassium infusion for detection of myocardial viability after anterior myocardial infarction(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2002) Yetkin, E; Senen, K; Ileri, M; Atak, R; Tandogan, I; Yetkin, Ö; Kosar, FBackground Low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiography (LDDSE) is one of the methods most used to assess myocardial viability. Glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion has been shown to increase contraction of the ischemic zone. The aim of this study was to compare LDDSE and echocardiography during GIK infusion for detection of myocardial viability. Methods Thirty-two patients who had first anterior myocardial infarction (MI) without previous MI were included in the study. Echocardiographic evaluation was carried out on the 7th +/- 2 days after MI. During continuous electrocardiographic, blood pressure and echocardiographic monitoring, an intravenous infusion of dobutamine (3 mug/kg body weight/min) was started with an infusion pump, continued for 5 min and then increased to 5 mug/kg/min and 10 mug/kg/min for another 5 min. The GIK protocol consisted of a fixed dose of insulin (100 muU/kg/h intravenously) and a variable glucose/potassium infusion rate. GIK echocardiography was done at baseline and after 60 min of GIK. The detected viable myocardium was defined as one or two scores decreasing in at least two adjacent abnormal segments during LDDSE and GIK echocardiography. Results Under resting conditions 225 segments (44%) were normokinetic, 21 segments (4%) dyskinetic, 117 segments (23%) akinetic and 149 segments (29%) hypokinetic. Viability was detected in 20% (57 segments) of the asynergic segments at baseline with GIK echocardiography and in 22% (62 segments) of those segments with LDDSE (P < 0.05). Left ventricular wall motion score index at baseline was 1.87 and it decreased significantly indicating improvement in left ventricular systolic function during both LDDSE and GIK echocardiography (P < 0.001, versus 1.75 and 1.76 respectively). The agreement between LDDSE and GIK echocardiography for detection of myocardial viability was 96%. Conclusion We have shown that GIK echocardiography is similar to LDDSE for detection of myocardial viability. With the support of further clinical studies GIK echocardiography could be used to detect myocardial viability after acute MI.Öğe Comparison of P-wave duration and dispersion in patients aged ?65 years with those aged ?45 years(Churchill Livingstone Inc Medical Publishers, 2003) Turhan, H; Yetkin, E; Sahin, O; Yasar, AS; Senen, K; Atak, R; Sasmaz, HP-wave dispersion (PWD) is a Dew electrocardiographic marker that reflects discontinuous and inhomogeneous propagation of sinus impulses, which has been studied in some cardiac conditions as a useful predictor of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of the peresent study was to compare P-wave duration and PWD in patients less than or equal to45 versus greater than or equal to65 years of age. The study consisted of 2 groups. Group I included 118 patients aged greater than or equal to65 years (86 men, 32 women, mean age = 69 +/- 4 years). Group II included 72 patients aged less than or equal to45 years (53 men, 19 women, mean age = 41 +/- 4 years). All patients were selected from those who were undertaken coronary angiography in our hospital with a suspicion of coronary artery disease and detected as having angiographically normal coronary arteries. All patients were undertaken transthoracic echocardiography to evaluate the presence of any structural and functional cardiac abnormality. Maximum and minimum P-wave durations and PWD were calculated from 12-lead surface electrocardiogram. Maximum P-wave duration and PWD were significantly higher in group I patients than in group II patients (P <.00 1). However, there was no statistically significant difference between group I patients and group H patients regarding minimum P-wave duration (p =0.9). Left atrial diameter, left ventricular wall thicknesses, mitral A velocity, deceleration time and isovolumic relaxation time were significantly higher in group I patients than in group 11 patients. However, mitral E velocity were significantly lower in group I patients than in group II patients. A significant positive correlation was detected between PWD and age, left atrial diameter, mitral A velocity, deceleration time and isovolumic relaxation time. in addition, we found a significant negative correlation between PWD and mitral E velocity. PWD, indicating increased risk for paroxysmal AF, was found to be significantly higher in patients greater than or equal to65 years of age than in those less than or equal to45 years of age. Further prospective studies that include larger series and long term follow-up are needed to clarify the clinical utility of PWD as a predictor of increased risk for paroxysmal AF in old patients.Öğe Comparison of TIMI frame counts of patients with and without coronary artery ectasia(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2002) Yetkin, E; Atak, R; Turhan, H; Sivri, N; Ileri, M; Kosar, F; Ozdemir, R[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Correlation between infarct-related coronary artery patency and predischarge electrocardiographic patterns in patients with first anterior myocardial infarction who received thrombolytic therapy(Springer-Verlag, 2004) Atak, R; Ileri, M; Senen, K; Turhan, H; Erbay, AR; Basar, N; Yetkin, EThe aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the ST-segment and T-wave patterns in pre-discharge electrocardiogram and patency of left anterior descending coronary artery in patients with a first anterior myocardial infarction (AMI). One hundred and fifty-six of 175 consecutive patients who were admitted to our clinic between January 2000 and September 2002 due to a first episode of transmural AMI and who received thrombolytic therapy were enrolled. Coronary angiography was performed by the Judkins method on the 6th-10th day after the acute infarction. The corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) was estimated according to the previously described method. According to the combination of the ST-segment and T-wave morphology on the day (6-10) of cardiac catheterization, patients were classified into four groups: group A, ST elevation <0.1 mV and negative T waves; group B, ST elevation ?0.1 mV and negative T waves; group C, ST elevation <0.1 mV and positive T waves; and group D, ST elevation greater than or equal to0.1 mV and positive T waves. Of the 99 patients with negative T waves, 47 (48%) had CTFCless than or equal to27,32 (32%) CTFC between 27 and 40,15 (15%) CTFCgreater than or equal to40-100, and 5 (5%) CTFC>100. Of the 57 patients with positive T waves, CTFC was less than or equal to27 in 14 (25%), between 27 and 40 in 17 (30%), greater than or equal to40-100 in 11 (19%), and >100 in 15 (26%) (P<0.001). From the 76 patients with an isoelectric ST segment, 38 (50%) had CTFC?27, 29 (38%) CTFC between 27 and 40, 8 (11%) CTFC?40-100, and 1 (1%) CTFC >100. Of the 80 patients with an elevated ST segment, 23 (29%) had CTFCless than or equal to27, 20 (25%) CTFC between 27 and 40,18 (23%) CTFCgreater than or equal to40-100, and 19 (23%) CTFC>100(P<0.001). Use of the combination of two electrocardiographic parameters (ST segment and T waves) also indicated that there were significant differences between groups A and D, and groups B and D (P<0.001 and P<0.05, respectively). Development of an isoelectric ST segment with negative T waves may indicate a better degree of reperfusion after AML In contrast, patients in whom ST-segment elevation and positive T waves remain at discharge from the coronary care unit have a higher probability of a nonpatent left anterior descending artery.Öğe Decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in patients with migraine: a new aspect to vascular pathophysiology of migraine(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006) Yetkin, E; Ozisik, H; Ozcan, C; Aksoy, Y; Turhan, HBackground Migraine is a common neurovascular disorder characterized by attacks of severe headache, autonomic and neurological symptoms. We hypothesized that patients with migraine had abnormal endothelial function. The vascular theory of migraine assumes that the major pathophysiological events that initiate the migraine attack occur in the perivascular nerves of the major cerebral vessels. Accordingly, we aimed to measure endothelium-dependent vasoclilatation in migraineurs by means of flow-mediated dilatation, which reflects endothelium-dependent vasodilatation capacity. Materials and methods Forty-five patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for migraine and 45 age and sex-matched healthy participants were enrolled in the study. Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was determined using a high-resolution B-mode ultrasonographic system. Flow-mediated vasodilatation was expressed as the change in post-stimulus diameter as a percentage of the baseline diameter. Results Mean ages of the patients were 33 +/- 10 years in migraineurs (range: 18-52 years, 36 female, 9 male) and 33 +/- 9 years in non-migraineurs (range: 17-50 years, 36 female and 9 male). Flow-mediated dilatation of patients with migraine is significantly lower than that of the controls (8.02 +/- 4.095% vs. 10.72 +/- 3.52%, respectively, P=0.001). Conclusion We have shown that migraineurs have decreased endothelium-dependent vasodilatation capacity compared with non-migraineurs. Migraine may be a local manifestation of systemic vascular vasomotion abnormalities.Öğe Decreased platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction after percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2003) Yetkin, E; Erbay, AR; Turhan, H; Ileri, M; Ayaz, S; Atak, R; Senen, KObjective: This study was conducted to assess the changes in platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) and sinus rhythm (SR) following percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV). Background: Systemic thromboembolism is a serious complication in patients with valvular heart disease, and its incidence is highest in those with mitral stenosis. A hypercoagulable state has also been reported in patients with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm. A recent study has shown that patients with previous PMBV had a lower incidence of thromboembolism. Methods and results: The study was conducted in 21 patients (two men, 19 women, mean age=34+/-6 years) with mitral stenosis and sinus rhythm (SR) who underwent percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty and 17 healthy control subjects (two men, 15 women, mean age=33+/-6 years). Biochemical markers of platelet activity (beta thromboglobulin, BTG, and soluble P-selectin, sPsel) and endothelial dysfunction (von Willebrand Factor, vWF) were measured in both control subjects' and patients' serum samples taken immediately before PMBV and 24 h after PMBV procedure. All patients underwent successful PMBV Significant improvement of mitral valve area, pulmonary artery pressure, mean mitral gradients, and left atrial diameter were achieved in all patients after PMBV Compared with control subjects, patients with MS had higher plasma levels of BTG (66+/-26 ng/ml vs. 14+/-6 ng/ml, P<0.001), vWF (177+/-67 units/dl vs. 99+/-37 units/dl, P<0.0001), sPsel (226+/-74 ng/ml vs. 155+/-66 ng/ml, P<0.001). There was a significant reduction of plasma levels of BTG (66 +/- 26 ng/ml vs. 48 +/- 20 ng/ml, P=0.002), vWF (177 +/- 67 units/dl vs. 134 +/- 60 units/dl, P=0.001) and P-selectin (226 +/- 74 ng/ml vs. 173 +/- 71 ng/ml, P=0.008,) 24 h after PMBV Conclusion: We have shown that patients with severe MS and SR have increased platelet activation and endothelial dysfunction compared with control subjects and PMBV results in decreased platelet activity and improvement of endothelial injury. (c) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae deoxyribonucleic acid in blood samples taken from coronary sinus after coronary angioplasty(Excerpta Medica Inc-Elsevier Science Inc, 2002) Yetkin, E; Yetkin, G; Tandogan, I; Kocabas, NA; Ileri, M; Ozdemir, R; Kosar, FChlamydia pneumoniae deoxyribonucleic acid was not found in blood samples (0%) taken from the coronary sinus immediately before coronary angioplasty, but C. pneumoniae deoxyribonucleic acid was detected in 4 of 14 patients' blood samples (29%) taken after coronary angioplasty. This finding suggests that coronary angioplasty can cause C. pneumoniae bacteremia.Öğe Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in blood samples taken from coronary sinus after coronary angioplasty(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2001) Yetkin, E; Yetkin, G; Tandogan, I; Aygun, N; Ileri, M; Cehreli, S; Mert, A[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Diagnostic value of aVL derivation for right ventricular involvement in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction(Wiley, 2003) Turhan, H; Yilmaz, MB; Yetkin, E; Atak, R; Biyikoglu, SF; Senen, K; Ileri, MBackground: Right ventricular (RV) involvement is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with acute inferior myocardial infarction (MI). Although electrocardiography is probably the most useful, simple, and objective tool for the diagnosis of acute MI, there are no well-defined criteria in the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram to properly identify RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI. Our objective was to evaluate the value of ST-segment depression in lead aVL in diagnosing RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patients, hospitalized with acute inferior myocardial infarction, were included in this study. The diagnosis of acute inferior myocardial infarction was based on the clinical history, characteristic enzyme pattern of CK-MB values, and the appearance of ST-segment elevation greater than or equal to 1 mm in at least two of the leads (leads II, III, aVF). RV infarction was defined by ST segment elevation greater than or equal to 1 mm in lead V4R. ST-segment depression in lead aVL that is more than 1 mm was accepted as a diagnostic criterion for RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI. Results: Thirty-one patients had >1 mm ST-segment depression and 28 of them had right ventricular infarction according to lead V4R. Thirthy-six patients showed less than or equal to1 mm ST-segment depression indicating no right ventricular involvement but four of them also had right ventricular infarction according to V4R. Conclusion: More than 1 mm ST-segment depression in lead aVL was found to have high sensitivity (87%), specificity (91%), high positive and negative predictive value (90%, 88%, respectively), and high diagnostic accuracy (89%) in diagnosing RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI. Therefore, by using a simple 12-lead electrocardiographic sign, ST-segment depression >1 mm in lead aVL, obtained on admission, it is possible to identify RV involvement in patients with acute inferior MI.Öğe Documentation of slow coronary flow by the TIMI frame count in habitual smokers with normal coronary arteries(W B Saunders Co Ltd, 2002) Yetkin, E; Turhan, H; Atak, R; Ileri, M; Senen, K; Yetkin, O; Tandogan, I[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Double left anterior descending coronary artery arising from the left and right coronary arteries: a rare congenital coronary artery anomaly(Springer, 2004) Turhan, H; Atak, R; Erbay, AR; Senen, K; Yetkin, EDouble left anterior descending coronary artery arising from the left and right coronary arteries is a very rare congenital coronary artery anomaly. In this report, we describe a patient with double left anterior descending coronary artery originating from the left and right coronary arteries. To the best of our knowledge, dual connection of the left anterior descending coronary artery to the left and right coronary arteries has been described in only five patients.Öğe Effects of mobile telephones on the function of implantable cardioverter defibrillators(Blackwell Publishing, 2005) Tandogan, I; Ozin, B; Bozbas, H; Turhan, S; Ozdemir, R; Yetkin, E; Topal, EObjective: We investigated whether mobile telephones affect the function of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). Background: It is well known that electromagnetic fields can affect medical devices. Methods: The study included 43 patients with ventricular tachycardia and/or fibrillation treated with transvenous pectoral ICDs. Testing was done under continuous electrocardiograph monitoring under supervision of an ICD programmer. Initially, each patient was tested during spontaneous rhythm. Then the ICD was programmed to a pace rhythm higher than the patient's heart rate, and the tests were repeated at paced rhythm. In 7 patients, tests were performed during the implantation procedure as well. In 3 of the patients, only a single defibrillation zone was active. The other 40 patients had one or more active ventricular tachycardia zones. Two mobile phones (both GSM 900 MHz) were positioned 50 cm away from the implanted device in opposite directions and switched on. Communication was established between these phones, two investigators had a 20-second conversation, and then the phones were switched off. The same procedure was repeated at 30, 20, and 10 cm away from the implantation site, respectively. Finally, the procedure was performed-with the antennae of both phones touching the device pocket. In the above-mentioned 7 cases where testing was done during implantation of the ICD, a call was made from one phone to the other, ringing occurred for 5 seconds, and then two investigators conversed while the device was implanted. Results: There was no change in the function of the ICDs during any of the phone testing procedures. In 5 cases, artifacts were noted on the surface lectrocardiographic (ECG) screen of the programmer during the tests, but no such changes were observed on the simultaneous intracardiac ECGs. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that mobile phones have no effects on ICD function.
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