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Öğe The changes in some biochemical parameters in Zea mays cv. Martha F1 treated with atrazine(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2010) Akbulut, Gulcin Beker; Yigit, EmelIn this study, Zea mays cv. Martha F1 plant was treated with post-emergence atrazine in a concentration range of 27-226 mM. The effects of post-emergence atrazine treatments upon peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation were investigated on the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th days following the treatment. In the treatment groups, peroxidase activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased after the 10th day, while ascorbate peroxidase activity was observed to decrease on the 15th day. (C) 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe DETERMINATION OF THE EFFECTS OF BIOTIC STRESS CAUSED BY Puccinia Malvacearum IN Malva Sylvestris BY SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Temel, Mehmet; Yigit, Emel; Kabaktepe, Sanli; Akbulut, Gulcin BekerIn this study, the effects of Puccinia malvacearum, an important rust fungus in the phylum Basidiomycota, on Malva sylvestris (mallow) were investigated. Changes in pigment content, dry weight, malondialdehyde (MDA), which is an important marker of lipid peroxidation, total phenolic content, peroxidase (POD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes were investigated in groups infected with rust fungi and those that were not. In the infected group, an increase in pigment content was observed in samples obtained in June and July. The increase in MDA content in infected groups was also considered an indicator that caused oxidative stress in M. sylvestris. In addition, a decrease in POD activity and an increase in phenolic content were observed in the infected group. APX activity was also increased in the infected groups. Additionally, changes in the dry weight content were observed in the infected groups. Our findings showed that M. sylvestris gave important physiological and biochemical responses to oxidative stress caused by P. malvacearum. It is thought that the data obtained in this study will contribute to the elucidation of resistance mechanisms in plants exposed to fungal infection.Öğe Different Plant Sporopollenin Exine Capsules and Their Multifunctional Usage(Amer Chemical Soc, 2022) Atalay, Funda Ersoy; Culum, Ayse Asiye; Kaya, Harun; Gokturk, Gunay; Yigit, EmelSporopollenin exine capsules (SECs) are highly resistant to heat and various acids and bases. They are also cheap, highly porous, eco-friendly polymer biomaterials with stable microencapsulation capacity. Due to their strong and uniquely shaped exine layers, they can allow growth on metal oxide materials, as a biotemplate for use in different applications. In this study, first, a single SEC extraction method was applied to three different pollens from Pinus, Fraxinus excelsior, and Tilia. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) measurements both before and after the extraction process were performed to observe changes in surface area, morphology, porous structure, and degradation properties. The protein content and removal were analyzed by elemental and spectrophotometric analyses. Then, SECs were loaded by passive and centrifuge loading for drug delivery, and the loading capacities were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and spectrophotometry. The method was successful in opening the pores and maintaining the structural integrity of SECs. It was determined that the morphology and porosity affected the encapsulation efficiency. According to the loading capacities, Tilia SECs were the most efficient SECs for both loading methods. In addition, three different SECs were hydrothermally coated with cobalt and then heat-treated to obtain a metal oxide structure. A CO3O4 supercapacitor electrode constructed using CO3O4-F. excelsior SEC powder had the best surface area parameters. The electrode showed a maximum specific capacity of 473 F/g for over 3000 continuous cycles of galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD).Öğe EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID AND SELENIUM ON ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM OF AVENA SATIVA L. UNDER FENOXAPROP-P-ETHYL STRESS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Yigit, Emel; Akbulut, Gulcin Beker; Bayram, Dilek; Kaya, Armagan; Gok, YetkinThe present study focuses on understanding the role of different antioxidants in plant defense against oxidative stress caused by fenoxaprop-p-ethyl herbicide. Besides ameliorative effect of exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) and selenium (Se) on fenoxaprop-p-ethyl-induced toxicity was examined in Avena sativa L. It was determined that the MDA (malondialdehyde) content in the groups to which only herbicide was applied was higher than that of the groups to which SA and Se applied together with the herbicide. In plants exposed to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, the activities of peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR) and content of glutathione (GSH) increased in the treatment groups compared to the control groups. The antioxidant activity increased in the control and treatment groups that were pre-treated with SA and Se compared to the groups that were not pre-treated with SA and Se. While catalase activity (CAT) decreased in SA pre-treated plants, it increased in Se pre-treated plants. These results indicate that the fenoxaprop-p-ethyl induces various plant defense responses in target plants and that treatment with exogenous SA and Se can increase stress resistance by altering these responses.Öğe Effects of Melatonin on Morus nigra cv. 'Eksi Kara' Exposed to Drought Stress(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2022) Ozelc, Duygu; Akbulut, Gulcin Beker; Yigit, EmelToday, drought stress threatens the world seriously. Determining the effects of some exogenous stimulators in acquiring resistance against stress will contribute to agriculture under drought stress. In this regard, we investigated the effects of melatonin (MEL) on Morus nigra cv. 'Eksi Kara' (black mulberry) in challenging drought. To reach this object, we reproduced 'Eksi Kara', which is registered in Turkey and has economic importance, in tissue culture by using the meristem culture method. Plants were then transferred in a medium containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000, which causes-1.5 MPa drought stress, and 20 mu l MEL has applied. Leaf samples were taken on the 5th, 10th, and 15th days after treatments in groups of plants grown in a different medium (Control, Control+MEL, PEG and PEG+MEL). The changes in the pigment system, relative water content (RWC) and antioxidant system were evaluated comparatively between the groups to assess plants' growth and determine their roles in coping with stress. Our findings showed that RWC decreased in leaves under drought. Exogenous MEL added in MS medium had a mitigation effect on stress. The reduction was detected in the chlorophyll and carotenoid content of leaves. Moreover, MEL+PEG combination improved the chlorophyll level. It was seen that exogenous MEL application promoted the plant defence mechanism of M. nigra plants, which exposed to drought stress, by increasing the accumulation of non -enzymatic antioxidants; total glutathione (GSH), total phenolic, proline) and activities of antioxidant enzymes; catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX). This study also indicates that the application of MEL+PEG composition partially prevented membrane lipid peroxidation by decreasing (malondialdehyde) MDA content.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIC SELENIUM ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN HORDEUM VULGARE L. AND TRITICUM AESTIVUM L. EXPOSED TO SALT STRESS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2012) Yigit, Emel; Akbulut, Gulcin Beker; Gok, Yetkin; Bayram, DilekIn this study, the protective role of organic selenium against salt stress on Hordeum vulgare L. and Triticum aestivum L. were determined. Seeds, treated with 0.004 M organic selenium in the pre-application, were germinated in environments exposed to 50, 100 and 200 mM salt stress (NaCl), in comparison to seeds without selenium treatment. The effects of 0.004 M organic selenium on peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation were investigated in both plants. An evaluation of their germination and enzyme activities showed that organic selenium resulted in salient improvement when compared to the plants directly exposed to salt stress. The present study suggests that selenium can play a protective role during salt stress by enhancing the antioxidant defense system.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF REACTIVE BLACK 5 TEXTILE DYE ON PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. CV. GINA(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2012) Kaya, Armagan; Yigit, Emel; Akbulut, Gulcin BekerThis study examined the effects of reactive black 5 (RB5) on peroxidase, lipid peroxidation and total chlorophyll content of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Gina. The beans were exposed to 200, 260, 338, 439, 571, 743, 965 and 1255 m/L of RB5. Significant increase in peroxidase activity was identified in RB5-treated plants. The effects of RB5 on lipid peroxidation were analyzed. MDA content of RB5-treated plants was found to be higher in all application groups, except that of 439 mg/L. In addition, it was found that total chlorophyll content increased in all applications when compared to control group. Our findings indicate that RB5 causes significant changes in peroxidase activity, MDA content, and pigment system.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF REACTIVE PHTHALOCYANINE BLUE TEXTILE DYE ON PEROXIDASE ACTIVITY, LIPID PEROXIDATION AND TOTAL CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS L. CV. GINA(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Kaya, Armagan; Yigit, Emel; Akbulut, Gulcin Beker; Ates, BurhanIn this study, the effects of Reactive Phthalocyanine Blue (RPB) changes on peroxidase, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and total chlorophyll content of Phaseolus vulgaris L. (bean) were examined. The beans were exposed to different concentrations of RPB between 200-1255 mg/L. In the analyzed plants, different effects were observed on peroxidase activity. When compared to the control group, a significant decrease was identified in the plants which were treated with RPB except for the 1255 mg/L application group. Besides the effects of RPB on MDA content were analyzed. MDA content was found to be lower in all application groups except for 439 mg/L. In addition, total chlorophyll content increased in all application groups except for 338 mg/L when compared to the control group. These findings indicated that RPB caused significant changes in peroxidase activity, MDA content and total chlorophyll. It was shown that the textile dye had a toxic effect on the plants.Öğe Effects of salicylic acid and organic selenium on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exposed to fenoxaprop-p-ethyl(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2018) Akbulut, Gulcin Beker; Yigit, Emel; Kaya, Armagan; Aktas, AydinIn this study, we evaluated effects of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl herbicide on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The wheat plants were grown in pots containing perlite. Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl was applied to adequately grown T. aestivum plants at determined doses (1 mM, 1.5 mM, 2.2 mM, 3.4 mM and 5.1 mM) via spraying. The effects of this herbicide on some antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, carotenoid, total chlorophyll and total phenolic were investigated on days 1, 5 and 10 following the application. Environmental pollutants cause oxidative stress, production of free radicals and changes in antioxidants. Synthesis of signal molecules such as salicylic acid (SA) is important for the stress response of plants. In addition to this, although selenium is known not to be an obligatory element for plants, low dose selenium has positive effects on the plant growth. We also investigated the effects that are elicited on parameters above mentioned by the treatment of exogenous 0.5 mM SA and 0.004 mM organic selenium (SeI) separately. Our findings reveal that SA and SeI, which are extemally applied before the germination of seeds that are exposed to herbicide stress, becomes effective in reduction of the negative effects of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl, with regard to antioxidant system, lipid peroxidation, pigment system and total phenolic. When we evaluate the study results, our findings suggest that especially SA plays a protective role on wheat against herbicide stress.Öğe INTERACTIONS AMONG GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE, GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY AND GLUTATHIONE CONTENTS IN LEAVES OF Vicia faba L. SUBJECTED TO FLUROCHLORIDONE(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2012) Kaya, Armagan; Yigit, EmelIn this study, Vicia sativa L. Selcuk-99 plant was treated with post-emergence flurochloridone in a concentration range of 11-72 mM. The effects of post-emergence flurochloridone treatments upon glutathione levels, glutathione s-transferase and glutathione reductase activities were investigated on the 1st, 5th, 10th, and 15th day after treatment. In the treatment groups, glutathione content, glutathione s-transferase and glutathione reductase activities increased only on the 15th day.Öğe Micropropagation of the Morus nigra L. (Black Mulberry) cv. 'Eksi Kara'(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2022) Ozelci, Duygu; Yigit, EmelIn this study, it was aimed to determine the most suitable protocol for the propagate of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.), one of the important gene resources of our country. by tissue culture method. For this, the most suitable explant taking time, the best concentration of 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) for culture initiation and the shoot propagation and the best Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentration to achieve rooting was investigated. It was determined that. June is the right time for culture initiation, 0.75 mg L-1 BAP addition to the nutrient medium gives the best results and 1 mg L-1 BAP comes into prominence for shoot propagation. Overall, 95% rooting success was achieved in 1.5 1 mg L-1 IBA application. The period between the receipt of the explant and the completion of acclimatization lasted 20-25 weeks. It has been proved that sustainable. fast and economical propagation can be made with the developed micropropagation protocol.Öğe The physiological and biochemical effects of salicylic acid on sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) exposed to flurochloridone(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2014) Kaya, Armagan; Yigit, EmelIn this study, we comparatively evaluated the effects of the flurochloridone as well as flurochloridone and exogenously applied salicylic acid (SA) on Helianthus annuus L. to find out herbicide-induced toxicity reducing influence of SA. We examined and compared the physiological and biochemical effects of different concentrations of flurochloridone (11, 32 and 72 mM) in both the SA pre-treated and non-treated plants. The plants treated with flurochloridone exhibited reduced total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and relative water content compared to the control group, whereas the plants that were pre-treated with SA exhibited relatively higher values for the same physiological parameters. In the SA non-treated plants, the superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase activities were increased in the treatment groups compared to the control group. In the treatment groups, these enzyme activities were decreased in the SA-pre-treated plants compared to the non-treated plants. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activities decreased in the flurochloridone-treated plants compared to the control plants. The ascorbate peroxidase activity increased in the control groups but decreased in the treatment groups in the SA pre-treated plants compared to the non-treated plants. However, SA treatment decreased the activity of catalase in the control and treatment groups compared to the plants that were not treated with SA. Flurochloridone treatment increased the malondialdehyde content in the treated groups compared to the control groups, whereas SA-pretreatment decreased malondialdehyde content compared to plants that were not treated with SA. Flurochloridone treatment increased endogenous SA content compared to the control. Although the residual levels of herbicide in the plants increased proportionately with increasing herbicide concentrations, the SA-pre-treated plants exhibited reduced residual herbicide levels compared to the plants that were not treated with SA. These results indicate that the flurochloridone induces various physiological and biochemical responses in non-target plants and that treatment with exogenous SA can increase stress resistance by altering these responses. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
