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    Association between elevated aminotransferase levels and the metabolic syndrome in Northern Turkey
    (Mexican Assoc Hepatology, 2010) Yildirim, Beytullah; Ozugurlu, Fikret; Sahin, Semsettin; Ozyurt, Huseyin; Atis, Omer; Akbas, Ali; Akturk, Yeliz
    Introduction. Elevated aminotransferase levels(ATLs) are alert the physicians for liver-affecting disease and may reflect liver injury. We aimed to determine the prevalence of elevated ATLs and the association of elevated ATLs with the metabolic syndrome(MetS) in a northern province of Turkey. Materials and methods. Elevated ATLs were evaluated among 1,095 individuals of the Tokat Prevalence Study which have been described in detail elsewhere. 1,095 participants had been selected by a simple random sampling method among 530,000 inhabitants in 70 (12 urban and 58 rural) areas in the province of Tokat which is located in the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Results. The prevalence of elevated serum ALT, AST, and ALT and/or AST were found as 11%, 7.2%, and 13.3%, respectively. Increased BMI, fatty liver, and MetS were higher in our general population with elevated ATLs. After exclusion of individuals with hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection, 132 individuals with elevated ATLs (91 male and 41 female) were evaluated. MetS was found in 59 participants and its prevalence was markedly higher in females with elevated ATLs (p < 0.0001). When the males with elevated ATLs were evaluated, the ALT levels of the persons who have no risk of MetS (p = 0.007) and the persons who have one risk of MetS (p = 0.001) were lower than the persons with MetS. Conclusions. Elevated ATLs are common and it's an important cause is MetS in Northern Turkey.
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    Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in the Black Sea Region, Turkey, and Investigation of the Related Factors with Chronic Kidney Disease
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2009) Sahin, Idris; Yildirim, Beytullah; Cetin, Ilhan; Etikan, Ilker; Ozturk, Banu; Ozyurt, Huseyin; Tasliyurt, Turker
    We aimed to assess the prevalence of CKD in the Black Sea Region, Turkey, and to evaluate any relationship between age, gender, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and CKD. This study was conducted in 70 different areas in Tokat Province in the Black Sea Region, in the northern part of Turkey. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated from the serum creatinine using MDRD formulas. CKD-defined estimated GFR was lower than 60 mL/min/1.73m(2). A total of 1,079 persons were included in this study (mean age 41.4 +/- 17 years [range: 18-95 years], 49.4% males, 50.6% living in an urban area). Of the 1,079 individuals, 5.28% were diabetic, 22.9% were obese, and 37.8% were hypertensive. CKD was found in 62 of them (5.75%). The prevalence of CKD was 5.58% in non-diabetics and 8.77% in diabetics. No significant differences were found between two groups. The prevalence of CKD was 3.77% in non-hypertensive individuals and 8.82% in hypertensive patients, and 4.46% in non-obese and 9.31% in obese. The evident significant differences were found between groups (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.004, respectively). The prevalence of CKD increased with age within our population. A salient observation was the markedly higher prevalence of CKD in females than males (p = 0.046). There was an inverse correlation between eGFR and age (r = 0.529, p < 0.0001). The overall prevalence of CKD was 5.75% in general population. The prevalence of CKD increased with age within our population. Age, gender, obesity and hypertension were found to be significant risk factors for development of CKD in our population.
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    Serum lipid and lipoprotein levels, dyslipidemia prevalence, and the factors that influence these parameters in a Turkish Population living in the province of Tokat
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2010) Cetin, Ilhan; Yildirim, Beytullah; Sahin, Semsettin; Sahin, Idris; Etikan, Ilker
    Aim: To determine the mean total LDL and HDL cholesterol values and trigliseride levels as well as dyslipidemia and the factors that influence the parameters mentioned above in the population living in the province of Tokat located in the Middle Black Sea (Northeastern) region of Turkey. Materials and methods: The study was performed in 58 rural and 12 urban residential areas. The 58 rural regions were selected using a cluster sampling method. A total of 1095 subjects were selected through a random sampling method. Results: The total serum cholesterol level was 186 +/- 42 mg/dL with 33.7% of the participants having hypercholesterolemia (>= 200 mg/dL). The HDL-cholesterol level was 42 +/- 11 mg/dL with 50.9% of the participants having low HDL-cholesterol levels (<40 mg/dL). The LDL cholesterol level was 119 +/- 37 mg/dL with 36.2% of the participants having high LDL-cholesterol levels (>= 130 mg/dl). The Triglyceride level was 142 +/- 82 mg/dL with 36.1% of the participants having high triglycerides levels (>= 150 mg/dL). The TC/HDL ratio was 4.7 +/- 1.4 with 36.3% of the participants having high TC/HDL ratio levels (>= 5). Conclusion: In agreement with previous studies, we found Turkish people have low HDL-C levels despite normal or near normal levels of TC and LDL-C.