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    Deep learning model for automated kidney stone detection using coronal CT images
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Yildirim, Kadir; Bozdag, Pinar Gundogan; Talo, Muhammed; Yildirim, Ozal; Karabatak, Murat; Acharya, U. Rajendra
    Kidney stones are a common complaint worldwide, causing many people to admit to emergency rooms with severe pain. Various imaging techniques are used for the diagnosis of kidney stone disease. Specialists are needed for the interpretation and full diagnosis of these images. Computer-aided diagnosis systems are the practical approaches that can be used as auxiliary tools to assist the clinicians in their diagnosis. In this study, an automated detection of kidney stone (having stone/not) using coronal computed tomography (CT) images is proposed with deep learning (DL) technique which has recently made significant progress in the field of artificial intelligence. A total of 1799 images were used by taking different cross-sectional CT images for each person. Our developed automated model showed an accuracy of 96.82% using CT images in detecting the kidney stones. We have observed that our model is able to detect accurately the kidney stones of even small size. Our developed DL model yielded superior results with a larger dataset of 433 subjects and is ready for clinical application. This study shows that recently popular DL methods can be employed to address other challenging problems in urology.
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    Diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral reflux on voiding cystourethrography images in children using a deep hybrid model
    (Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2021) Eroglu, Yesim; Yildirim, Kadir; Cinar, Ahmet; Yildirim, Muhammed
    Background and objective: Vesicoureteral reflux is the leakage of urine from the bladder into the ureter. As a result, urinary tract infections and kidney scarring can occur in children. Voiding cystourethrography is the primary radiological imaging method used to diagnose vesicoureteral reflux in children with a history of recurrent urinary tract infection. Besides the diagnosis of reflux, it is graded with voiding cystourethrography. In this study, we aimed to diagnose and grade vesicoureteral reflux in Voiding cystourethrography images using hybrid CNN in deep learning methods. Methods: Images of pediatric patients diagnosed with VUR between 2016 and 2021 in our hospital (Firat University Hospital) were graded according to the international vesicoureteral reflux radiographic grading system. VCUG images of 236 normal and 992 with vesicoureteral reflux pediatric patients were available. A total of 6 classes were created as normal and graded 1-5 patients. Results: In this study, a hybrid-based mRMR (Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance) using CNN (Convolutional Neural Networks) model is developed for the diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral re flux on voiding cystourethrography images. Googlenet, MobilenetV2, and Densenet201 models are used as a part of the hybrid architecture. The obtained features from these architectures are examined in concatenating process. Then, these features are classified in machine learning classifiers after optimizing with the mRMR method. Among the models used in the study, the highest accuracy value was obtained in the proposed model with an accuracy rate of 96.9%. Conclusions: It shows that the hybrid model developed according to the findings of our study can be used in the diagnosis and grading of vesicoureteral reflux in voiding cystourethrography images. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Discrimination ability of ASDAS estimating disease activity status in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) Nas, Kemal; Yildirim, Kadir; Cevik, Remzi; Karatay, Saliha; Erdal, Akin; Baysal, Ozlem; Altay, Zuhal
    Objectives: To investigate discrimination ability of the Assessment of Spondyloarthritis International Society (ASAS) endorsed disease activity score (ASDAS) versions evaluating low and high disease activity in an unselected group of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods: Patients consecutively included into the joint database of five university hospitals were analyzed for low or high disease activity according to different criteria. Standardized mean differences (SMD) for two ASDAS versions were evaluated. Results: The ASDAS versions (back pain, morning stiffness, patient global pain, pain/swelling of peripheral joints, plus either erythrocyte sedimentation rate or C-reactive protein) discriminated high and low disease activity in subgroups according to Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (BASDAI) and ASAS remission/partial remission criteria. ASDAS versions were also not influenced by peripheral arthritis and correlated well with other outcome measurements and acute-phase reactants. The ASDAS versions performed better than patient-reported measures or acute-phase reactants discriminating high and low disease activity status. Conclusion: Both ASDAS versions, consisting of both patient-reported data and acute-phase reactants, performed well in discriminating low and high disease activity. Further longitudinal data may better estimate the usefulness of ASDAS to assess disease activity subgroups and treatment response.
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    Pattern of Disease Onset, Diagnostic Delay, and Clinical Features in Juvenile Onset and Adult Onset Ankylosing Spondylitis
    (J Rheumatol Publ Co, 2009) Ozgocmen, Salih; Ardicoglu, Ozge; Kamanli, Ayhan; Kaya, Arzu; Durmus, Bekir; Yildirim, Kadir; Baysal, Ozlem
    Objective. To assess the frequency of juvenile onset ankylosing spondylitis (JOAS) in Turkish patients with AS and to compare with adult onset AS (AOAS) in a cross-sectional study design. Methods. A total of 322 patients were recruited from the joint database of 5 university hospitals in eastern Turkey. Results. Patients with JOAS (n = 43, 13.4%) had significantly longer diagnostic delay (9.21 vs 5.08 yrs), less severe axial involvement and more prevalent uveitis (OR 2.92, 95% Cl 1.25-6.79), and peripheral involvement at onset (OR 3.25, 95% CI 1.51-6.98, adjusted for current age; and OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.07-4.76, adjusted for disease duration). Patients with AOAS had higher radiographic scores and more restricted clinimetrics but similar functional limitations and quality of life. Conclusion. JOAS and AOAS had distinctive courses and Turkish patients with AS had similar features compared to other Caucasian patient Populations. (First Release Nov 1 2009; J Rheumatol 2009;36:2830-3; doi: 10.3899/jrheum.090435)
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    Prevalence of atopic disorders in rheumatic diseases
    (Springer, 2013) Karatay, Saliha; Yildirim, Kadir; Ugur, Mahir; Senel, Kazim; Erdal, Akin; Durmus, Bekir; Baysal, Ozlem
    The aim of this study was to assess the point prevalences of hay fever, asthma, and atopic dermatitis in OA, RA, and AS, and to compare with healthy controls. A total of 935 patients and healthy controls were included. Demographic and clinical features were recorded, and a questionnaire assessing the existence of atopic disorders like asthma, hay fever, and atopic dermatitis in all groups was applied. Either atopy implied that an individual was either diagnosed with or had symptoms of one or more of these disorders, such as asthma, hay fever, or atopic dermatitis. When compared to the controls, only patients with AS had an increased risk for hay fever (OR 1.52, 95 % CI 1.00-2.41). Patients with RA had increased risks for hay fever, atopic dermatitis, and either atopy compared to the patients with OA (2.14, 95 % CI 1.18-3.89; 1.77, 95 % CI 1.00-3.18; and 3.45, 95 % CI 1.10-10.87, respectively). Steroid use had no effect on the prevalence of atopic disorders in patients with RA. Patients with OA, RA, and AS seem to have similar risks for asthma, atopic dermatitis, and either atopy to healthy controls. However, the prevalence of hay fever may increase in AS. Patients with RA have a higher risk of atopy than patients with OA.
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    THE RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOGENIC ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION WITH CORONAVIRUS ANXIETY IN THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC PERIOD
    (Carbone Editore, 2021) Ogras, Mehmet Sezai; Yildirim, Kadir
    Background/aim: Our aim is to investigate the relationship of psychogenic erectile dysfunction(pED) that develops during the new coronavirus disease(COVID-19) pandemic with coronavirus anxiety using the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale(CAS) and the International Index of Erectile Function-5(IIEF-5) questionnaire. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in Elazig Fethi sekin city hospital during January 2021 to March 2021. Medical history of male patients who were admitted to urology outpatient clinics were taken and physical examinations were performed. Morning serum fasting glucose, total testosterone and prolactine levels were measured. IIEF-5 questionnaire was filled by the patients. Two groups were formed as pED and control group. Both groups filled the CAS questionnaire and the results were compared statistically. Results: IIEF-5 scores were 15.86 +/- 7.53 and 24.26 +/- 0.82 in the pED group and the control group, respectively. The CAS scores were 7.53 +/- 2.02 and 0.40 +/- 0.62 in the pED group and in the control group, respectively. There was a significant difference between these findings. There was a significant negative correlation between IEF-5 scores and CAS scores. (p*=0.00) IIEF-5 scores were significantly lower in the pED group compared to the control group. (p*=0.00) CAS scores were significantly higher in the pED group compared to the control group. (p*=0.00) While there was a statistically significant difference between moderate pED and mild moderate pED in terms of CAS scores (p*=0.02, p*=0.00), there was no statistically significant difference between mild moderate pED and mild pED. (p=0.27). Conclusion: In addition to high contagiousness and mortality rates, COVID-19 causes economic burden and financial losses, leading to negative individual and global psychosocial impact and increased anxiety. Since anxiety is one of the etiological causes of pED, pED encountered during the COVID-19 pandemic is also associated with coronavirus anxiety. Psychiatric support for coronavirus anxiety should be added to pED treatment.