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    Correlation of clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings with virulence factors in children with Helicobacter pylori gastritis
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Selimoglu, Mukadder A.; Karabiber, Hamza; Otlu, Baris; Yildirim, Ozge; Ozer, Ali; Samdanci, Emine
    Background and goals As there are limited data regarding the correlation between virulence factors and clinical, endoscopic, and histological findings in children with Helicobacter pylori gastritis, we aimed to evaluate that probable relationship in pediatric cases. Study One hundred and fifty-nine children with chronic abdominal pain or dyspepsia were included in this study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and multiple biopsy samples were taken from the esophagus, the antrum, and the duodenum. PCR was used for the determination of virulence factors. Results According to PCR analysis, 98 (61.6%) children were positive for H. pylori. Using histopathological examination and culture, H. pylori was detected in 65 (40.9%) and 51 (32.1%) children, respectively. Peptic ulcer prevalence and histopathological features were not different among cagA, cagE, or iceA1 positive and negative groups (P > 0.05). Peptic ulcer prevalence and histopathological findings were more common in iceA2-positive patients (P < 0.05). Antral nodularity was more common in cagA-positive patients (P < 0.05). Endoscopic and histological features were not different among patients with or without m1 or m2 strains (P > 0.05). S1b positivity was associated with a higher esophagitis rate (P < 0.05). Conclusion Among virulence factors, iceA2 was associated with peptic ulcer and milder histopathological findings, and vacAs1 was associated with milder histopathological findings.
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    Prevalence of the Helicobacter pylori in the tonsils and adenoids
    (Assoc Brasileira Otorrinolaringologia & Cirurgia Cervicofacial, 2015) Bayindir, Tuba; Toplu, Yuksel; Otlu, Baris; Yakupogullari, Yusuf; Yildirim, Ozge; Kalcioglu, Mahmut Tayyar
    Introduction: There is an ongoing debate about the existence and effects of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) in adenotonsillar tissue. Objective: A clinical study was conducted to assess the existence of Hp in the adenoid and/or adenotonsillar tissues, which were surgically excised due to chronic adenotonsillitis. Methods: Phosphoglucosamine mutase gene for the detection of Hp and cytotoxin-associated gene as virulence gene were examined in 84 adenotonsillar tissues obtained from 64 patients and patients' serum by using polymerase chain reaction. Results: Hp IgG was detected in 57 (89%) patients' serum. A total of seven tissue samples from 64 patients (10.9%) were found positive for Hp DNA, of which five were adenoids and two were tonsil tissues. All polymerase chain reaction positive samples were also positive for the cytotoxin-associated gene, which is a virulence determinant for the organism. Conclusion: This study suggests that children are exposed to Hp at an early age of their life in this province. Hp may have a role in the pathogenesis of chronic adenotonsillitis, especially in endemic areas. (C) 2015 Associacao Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cervico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.
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    Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance in Children With Helicobacter pylori Gastritis
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2014) Karabiber, Hamza; Selimoglu, Mukadder A.; Otlu, Baris; Yildirim, Ozge; Ozer, Ali
    Objectives: There are limited data regarding the pattern of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in children. Evaluation of prevalence of drug resistance and virulence-factor genotype in children with Hp gastritis and to investigate whether there is any relation between drug resistance and genotype were our aims in this study. Methods: Ninety-eight children with polymerase chain reaction-positive Hp gastritis were included. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion method and polymerase chain reaction assays were used for the determination of virulence factors. Results: The resistance rates to clarithromycin, metronidazole, and amoxicillin were 23.5%, 11.7%, and 3.9%, respectively. All strains carried vacA genotype, and 51%, 70.4%, 49%, 34.7%, and 25.5% were cagA-, cagE-, babA2-, iceA1-, and iceA2-positive, respectively. Of those 98 specimens, 81.6%, 19.4%, 38.8%, and 63.3% carried vacAs1, vacAs2, vacAm1, and vacAm2, respectively. Dominant vacA type was s1am2 (32.7%), followed by s1am1 (14.3%) and s2m2 (12.2%). Significant rates of clarithromycin resistance were observed in cagE-, iceA1-, babA2-, and vacAs1c-positive groups. In those with metronidazole resistance, vacAs1 and vacAs1c were more common (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The cagE-positive and vacA s1a/m2 genotypes, which are correlated with increased antibiotic resistance, were predominant in our population. In countries where Hp infection is prevalent, studies focusing on virulence factors and antibiotic susceptibility may provide anticipation of the prognosis and may be helpful to reduce morbidity and mortality.