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    Assessment of plasma microRNA potentials as a non-invasive biomarker in patients with axial spondyloarthropathy
    (Verduci Publisher, 2021) Yildirim, T.; Yesilada, E.; Eren, F.; Apaydin, H.; Gulbay, G.
    OBJECTIVE: It is assumed that abnormally expressed MicroRNAs (miRNAs) may be present in the plasma of patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthropathy (rad-AxSpA). Thus, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the expression profile of miRNAs in patients with rad-AxSpA. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 15 patients diagnosed with rad-AxSpA according to the Assessment of the SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) classification criteria and nine healthy controls matched for age and gender were included in the study. Demographic data was collected, and disease activity was evaluated using the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). Peripheral blood samples were collected, and miRNAs were extracted. The expression of microRNAs was analyzed using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) by the miScript miRNA PCR Array Human Inflammatory Response and Autoimmunity. RESULTS: A total of 84 miRNA profiles were evaluated, and expressions in the study and control groups were compared. When compared to the control group, 6 miRNAs (miR-125b-5p, miR-144-3p, miR-19a-3p, miR-20a-5p, miR-29c-3p, miR-30b-5p) were detected to be upregulated, and 42 miRNAs were detected to be downregulated in the rad-AxSpA group. A p-value < 0.05 was accepted as statistically significant. A significant association was found between miR-145-5p and BASDAI (p = 0.04941). MiR-144-3p, miR-302b-3p, miR-381-3p, miR-497-5p, miR-511-5p, and miR-9-5p were found to be significantly upregulated in the HLA-B27+ patients (p = 0.03063). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal miRNA expressions were detected in the plasma of the patients with rad-AxSpA. It was concluded that comprehensive studies should be continued to define these miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers for rad-AxSpA in order to detect its association with Ankylosing Spondylitis disease activity.
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    EXAMINING THE FEARS AND CONCERNS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
    (Iated-Int Assoc Technology Education & Development, 2017) Yildirim, T.; Caner, S.
    This study was conducted to determine and classify the reasons for the fears and concerns that deteriorate students' quality of life and identify the strategies they use to cope with them. The study population consisted of students in at least four-year long programs at a public University in Turkey during the 2013-2014 academic year. The sample included 403 participants. The participants were asked to answer three questions on a written document in this study, which was limited to findings obtained from the data of the study group members who were selected from the undergraduates studying at Inonu University. These questions were: Write your fears and concerns that complicate your life and reduce your quality of life. To what do you attribute the reasons for these fears and concerns? What do you do to cope with these fears and concerns?. The data obtained in writing were analyzed using descriptive analysis. A coding form for the analysis was prepared in compliance with the basic principles of this method. The reliability of the coding used in the study was examined for the codings of all data. The data were organized under three themes, considering the study questions. These themes are: types of fears and concerns, reasons for fears and concerns and methods for coping with fears and concerns. The subthemes of these themes were determined in the second stage of the study. The data obtained in the main themes and subthemes were related to one another in the third stage of the analysis, and frequency distributions were reported with direct quotations. The data indicated that students' greatest fears and concerns were related to the present time. These fears and concerns were ordered from the most to least significant as follows: academic failure, lack of self-confidence, family-related issues (losing them or one of them, their attitudes, being away from them), issues related to bodily integrity and health, politics and government, social relations, financial possibilities, phobias, authority, spirituality and beliefs. The participants' fears and concerns related to their future were from most to least significant: issues related to finding a job, uncertainty about the future, failure to perform what their professions require or disliking their professions, starting a family, financial possibilities and natural disasters. Participants attributed the reasons for their fears and concerns to external issues rather than internal issues. These reasons were from most to least significant: reasons related to other people, the educational system, politics and government, family, the economy, conditions in their department, spirituality and beliefs, geographical and economic conditions, unknown creatures and social media. The internal reasons were from most to least significant: reasons related to their characteristics, lack of self-confidence, issues in their lives, their health status, intolerance of uncertainties and lack of sufficient professional skills. The strategies used by the participants in this study to cope with the fears and concerns were from most to least significant: working, doing nothing or procrastinating, making suggestions for themselves and avoidance. Participants selected seeking psychological support as the least significant strategy for coping with fears and concerns. With these findings in mind, the reasons why students fail to seek psychological support to cope with the fears and concerns can be investigated.
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    The role of oxidative stress in the relation between fibromyalgia and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
    (Verduci Publisher, 2017) Yildirim, T.; Alp, R.
    OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to examine the involvement of oxidative and antioxidative parameters and to evaluate the relation between fibromyalgia (FMS) and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Oxidative stress was determined by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidative parameters (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and glutathione peroxidase [GPx]) in 131 randomly selected patients with OSAS. The control group was composed of 129 subjects with no clinical OSAS symptoms. OSAS was diagnosed by polysomnographic tests. All patients underwent overnight polysomnographic recording. The diagnosis of fibromyalgia was made following the diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. The FMS patients used visual analog scales (VAS) to evaluate their pain, and they completed the FMS Impact Questionnaire (FIQ). All subjects completed the 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: In the OSAS + FMS group, CAT, SOD, and GDX were found to be statistically significantly lower and MDA was found to be statistically significantly higher than in both the control group and the OSAS group (p = 0.0001). A significant difference was found about gender between the OSAS group and the OSAS+FMS group (p = 0.0001). In the OSAS + FMS group, BDI was found to be statistically significantly higher than in both the control group and the OSAS group (p = 0.0001). In the OSAS + FMS group, SF 36 was found to be statistically significantly higher than in both the control group and the OSAS group (p = 0.0001). No differences were observed between the groups about AHI, minimum O-2 saturation, or total sleep time values. About the presence of FMS presence, no differences were detected among the mild, moderate, and severe OSAS groups (p = 0.831). A negative correlation was determined between AHI and VAS and total sleep and sensitive points (p = 0.0001). A negative correlation was shown between CAT and GPX, SOD and apnea/hypo-pnea index (AHI) (p = 0.0001). A positive correlation was shown between CAT, GPX and SOD (p = 0.0001). A minimum O-2 saturation was detected. A positive correlation between MDA and AHI (p = 0.0001), and a negative correlation between MDA and O-2 saturation (p = 0.0001) were found. CONCLUSIONS: OSAS and FMS were highly prevalent, which indicated that oxidative stress might play a role in the pathophysiology of both diseases, especially if they co-exist in the same patient.