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Öğe CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OILS OF Teucrium orientale var. orientale AND Teucrium orientale var. puberulens(Springer, 2011) Kucukbay, F. Zehra; Yildiz, Bayram; Kuyumcu, Ebru; Gunal, Selami[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Achillea cretica L. (Asteraceae) from Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Kucukbay, F. Zehra; Kuyumcu, Ebru; Bilenler, Tuce; Yildiz, BayramHydrodistilled volatile oil from the aerial parts of Achillea cretica L. (Asteraceae) was analysed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Seventy-six components were identified, constituting 86.4% of the oil. The main constituents of the essential oil were caryophylladienol-II (13.4%), beta-maaliene (6.1%), neo-intermedeol (6.0%), carvone (4.9%), spathulenol (4.5%), palmitic acid (3.3%) and selina-3,11-dien-6 alpha-ol (3.2%). The antimicrobial activity was evaluated by the broth-dilution method on nine microbial strains and showed to be quite strong against the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. The antibacterial properties of A. cretica justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of wounds, contaminated through bacterial infections.Öğe Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of three Turkish Thyme Essential Oils(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Kucukbay, F. Zehra; Kuyumcu, Ebru; Celen, Selma; Azaz, Ayse Dilek; Arabaci, Turan; Yildiz, BayramThe aim of present study was to compare the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of three Thymus kotschyanus varieties on the basis of the chemical compositions of oils obtained by hydrodistillation. GC-MS analysis of the isolated essential oils from aerial parts of Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. eriophorus (Ronniger) Jalas, Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. kotschyanus and Thymus kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. glabrascens resulted in the identification of 55,, 34 and 57 constituents, respectively. The major components in the essential oils of T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. eriophorus (Ronniger) Jalas and T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. kotschyanus were described as geraniol (55.0-59.1 %) and geranyl acetate (27.1-28.8 %). The oil of T. kotschyanus Boiss. & Hohen. var. glabrascens is characterized by the high monoterpene fraction (86.5 %) and especially by the presence of carvacrol (57.2 %) and its precursor p-cymene (11.0 %). The essential oils were studied in vitro for antimicrobial activity (as inhibition zone and MIC) against fourteen bacteria strains using agar disc diffusion and broth micro-dilution methods. The oils exhibited moderate zone of inhibitions against bacteria when compared to standard antibiotics ketoconazol and chloramphenicol used as controls. The samples were subjected to a screening for their possible antioxidant activities by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). When compared with the antioxidative potentials of the standard compound used in this study (BHA), essential oils of the T. kotschyanus varieties studied exerted remarkable antioxidant activity.Öğe Chromosome counts and karyotype analysis of some representatives of genus Cirsium Mill. (Asteraceae) in Turkey(Firenze Univ Press, 2018) Polat, Nevra; Kiran, Yasar; Sahin, Ahmet; Yildiz, Bayram; Arabaci, TuranThe chromosome number and karyotype analysis of nine species (10 taxa) of genus Cirsium Mill. distributed in Turkey were analyzed. The somatic chromosome number of Cirsium sipyleum O. Schwarz, C. candelabrum Griseb., C. creticum d'Urv. subsp. creticum, C. elodes M. Bieb., C. subinerme Fisch. & C. A. Mey., C leucopsis DC., C libanoticum DC. subsp. arachnoideum P. H. Davis & Parris and C. arvense (L.) Scop. were determined as 2n=2x=34. Cirsium pubigerum DC. var. caniforme Petr. and var. paphlagonicum Petr. showed 2n=4x=68 chromosome numbers. The chromosomes of the examined taxa predominantly have median region (m) and rarely median point (M) and submedian region (sm) karyotypes. The chromosome number and morphology of Cirsium sipyleum, C. pubigerum var. paphlagonicum, C. leucopsis and C libanoticum subsp. arachnoideum are newly reported in the present study.Öğe Cirsium handaniae (Asteraceae), a new species from Turkey(Finnish Zoological Botanical Publishing Board, 2009) Yildiz, Bayram; Dirmenci, Tuncay; Arabaci, TuranCirsium handaniae Yildiz, Dirmenci & Arabaci (Asteraceae) is described as a new species from northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. It belongs to the section Epitrachys and appears to be close to C. macrobotrys and C. lappaceum s. lato. Diagnostic characters, as well as a full description and figures are provided. Its morphological characters are discussed and compared with the related species.Öğe Cirsium sivasicum sp nov and C-peshmenianum sp nov (Asteraceae) and their allies from Turkey(Wiley, 2011) Yildiz, Bayram; Arabaci, Turan; Dirmenci, Tuncay; Celenk, SevcanTwo new species of Cirsium Mill. from east Anatolia (Turkey): C. sivasicum Yildiz, Arabaci & Dirmenci and C. peshmenianum Yildiz, Dirmenci & Arabaci, are described and illustrated. Both new species belong to C. sect. Epitrachys DC. (Asteraceae: Cardueae) and are closely related to C. rigidum DC., C. leuconeurum Boiss. & Hausskn. and C. karduchorum Petr. The differences between the new species and their allies are discussed and a diagnostic key is provided. A detailed description of a previously poorly known species, C. leuconeurum, is also provided. The pollen grain morphology of the new species and their allies were investigated with light and scanning electron microscopes. Based on the shape of the spines and the surface ornamentation, the pollen grains of the species were divided into 3 types: C. rigidum and C. sivasicum (type I), C. leuconeurum and C. pesmenianum (type II), C. karduchorum (type III).Öğe Essential Oil Composition from the Aerial Parts of Ajuga orientalis L. Growing in Turkey(Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2013) Kucukbay, F. Zehra; Kuyumcu, Ebru; Yildiz, BayramThe essential oil obtained from the aerial parts of Ajuga orientalis L. (Lamiaceae) was analyzed by using GC and GC-MS. Thirty compounds representing 95.4 % of the oil were identified. The main compounds were phytol (36.7 %), n-hexadecanoic acid (14.2 %) and dodecanoic acid (12.2 %).Öğe Hybridization among three Cirsium (Asteraceae) species and important evidence for three new hybrids from Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2019) Dirmenci, Tuncay; Ozcan, Taner; Arabaci, Turan; Celenk, Sevcan; Ismailova, Gulnar; Yildiz, BayramIn this study, three new hybrids from the genus Cirsium are described for the first time. Cirsium xnezaketiae Yildiz, Dirmenci & Arabaci, C. xkelkitensis Yildiz, Arabaci & Dirmenci, and C. xerzincanicum Yildiz, Dirmenci & Arabaci are investigated in detail morphologically, palynologically, and molecularly. The hybrid individuals were detected on field trips due to their intermediate morphological characters. Their morphological properties were analyzed to compare with their parents. The pollen grain morphologies of the hybrids and their allies were investigated using light and a scanning electron microscope. The pollen grains were radially symmetrical, isopolar, trizonocolporate, and with echinate or scabrate sculpturing. The tectum is psilate/punctate, microreticulate, or ornate in sculpture. Dimorphic pollen grains were encountered in C. leucocephalum (Willd.) Spreng. subsp. leucocephalum. Two nuclear DNA regions were used to find single nucleotide polymorphisms. nrITS DNA data gave more information than nrETS data about polymorphism. In conclusion, C. xnezaketiae, C. xkelkitensis, and C. xerzincanicum exhibit some significant morphological, palynological, and molecular differences from their parents and present evidence of potential introgression hybridization. Since the hybrids live in a complex with their parents, and some parents have polymorphic loci like their putative hybrids, it can be presented as evidence for potential introgression since backcrossing may be possible among taxa.Öğe Karyological studies of 10 Cirsium sect. Epitrachys (Asteraceae) species from Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Yuksel, Eda; Kiran, Yasar; Sahin, Ahmet; Yildiz, Bayram; Arabaci, TuranDetailed karyotype properties were established for 10 Cirsium Mill. sect. Epitrachys DC. species distributed in Turkey. The species Cirsium ligulare Boiss., C. sintenisii Freyn, C. boluense P. H. Davis & Parris, C. eriophorum (L.) Scop., C. steirolepis Petr., C. baytopae P. H. Davis & Parris, C. poluninii P. H. Davis & Parris, C. ciliatum (Murray) Moench subsp. szovitsii (K. Koch) Petr., C. ellenbergii Bornm., and C. vulgare (Savi) Ten. have the somatic chromosome number 2n = 2x = 34, whereas C. sintenisii and C. vulgare showed 2n = 4x = 68. The chromosome numbers of C. sintenisii, C. boluense, C. baytopae, C. poluninii, and C. ellenbergii are newly reported here. Karyotype analysis indicated that chromosomes of Cirsium taxa generally have median region (m) and rarely median point (M) and submedian region (sm) karyotypes. The findings for each of the analyzed taxa are compared with the results of previous studies.Öğe A New Record for the Flora of Turkey: Cirsium candelabrum Griseb. (Cirsium Sect. Cirsium, Asteraceae, Cynareae)(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2009) Yildiz, Bayram; Dirmenci, Tuncay; Arabaci, TuranCirsium candelabrum Griseb. is reported for the first time from Thrace (Turkey). A description, including 2 photographs of the plant, and a map of its distribution in Turkey are presented.Öğe Pollen morphology of six Achillea L. sect. Achillea (Asteraceae) species in Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2011) Akyalcin, Hanife; Arabaci, Turan; Yildiz, BayramThe pollen morphology of 48 specimens of 6 species (9 taxa) of the genus Achillea L. sect. Achillea (Asteraceae), A. nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (A.Kern.) Formanek, A. nobilis subsp. densissima (O.Schwarz ex Bassler) Hub.-Mor., A. nobilis subsp. sipylea (O.Schwarz) Bassler, A. nobilis subsp. kurdica Hub.-Mor., A. filipendulina Lam., A. clypeolata Sm., A. coarctata Poir., A. biebersteinii Afan., and A. cappadocica Hausskn. & Bornm. distributed in Turkey were investigated using light (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pollen grains were oblate-spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, subprolate and generally tricolporate, though at times tetracolporate or even pentacolporate. The size of the grains varied, ranging from 17.6 to 57.5 mu m on the polar axis mean and from 19.7 to 55.2 mu m on the equatorial axis mean. Their outline is oval, compressed oval, or circular in the meridional optical section and trilobulate or sometimes tetralobullate in the polar optical section. The structure of the exine is double tectate and mean exine thickness varied from 3 to 8.5 mu m. The pollen ornamentations are echinate in LM and echinate-microperforate and echinate-rugulate-microperforate in SEM. In conclusion, the species examined showed substantial variation in pollen characteristics, at both the interspecific and intraspecific levels.Öğe Pollen morphology of some Achillea L. sect. Babounya (DC.) O. Hoffm. (Asteraceae) species from Turkey(Soc Botanique France, 2014) Akyalcin, Hanife; Arabaci, Turan; Yildiz, BayramThe pollen morphology and exine structure of 52 specimens of the 14 species (15 taxa) of the genus Achillea L. section Babounya (DC.) O. Hoffm. (Asteraceae) distributed in Turkey were examined with light and scanning electron (SEM) microscopes. The pollen characteristics of 13 species (except for Achillea tenuifolia Lam.) are newly reported here. The pollen grains were oblate-spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, subprolate and generally tricolporate, but sometimes tetracolporate, and even pentacolporate. The size of grains varied, ranged from 21.20 to 45 mu m on the polar axis mean, and from 18.10 to 43.14 mu m on the equatorial axis mean. The structure of the exine was doubletectate (Anthemoid pattern) and mean of exine thickness varied from 3.61 to 8.16 mu m. The sculpture was echinate both in light and SEM micrographs. Moreover, rugulate, microperforate and rugulate-microperforate ornamentations were observed in SEM. The results indicate that the examined species showed heterogeneity in pollen characteristics, both at an interspecies level and between specimens of a species collected from different localities. In addition, correlation between pollen size and chromosome number was discussed.Öğe A prickly puzzle: Generic delimitations in theCarduus-Cirsiumgroup (Compositae: Cardueae: Carduinae)(Wiley, 2020) Ackerfield, Jennifer; Susanna, Alfonso; Funk, Vicki; Kelch, Dean; Park, Daniel S.; Thornhill, Andrew H.; Yildiz, BayramGeneric delimitations within the cosmopolitanCarduus-Cirsiumgroup (i.e., thistles) have a long history of taxonomic confusion and debate. We present the most comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the group to date to test generic limits, reconstruct the evolution of pappus type, and elucidate the role of chromosomal evolution. We offer two solutions for the recognition of monophyletic genera: (1) consolidate all taxa into one large genus (CarduusorCirsium), or (2) recognize each major clade as a genus (Carduus,Cirsium,Eriolepis,Notobasis,Picnomon,Silybum, andTyrimnus). Under the second proposal, the cryptic genusEriolepisis segregated fromCirsium, and the AfricanCarduusare included withinCirsium. The best diagnosable morphological character to delimit the genera is pollen type, which is not practical in field-based application. We caution that prior to implementing either solution, a thorough, comprehensive morphological analysis of all current members ofCirsiumsect.Epitrachys(= genusEriolepis) be completed. Future morphological studies may find additional achene or leaf surface characters that could be used for practical field identification of the segregate genera. The data show that the plumose pappus state is symplesiomorphic for the group, with one transition to barbellate pappus, likely followed by a reversal to its ancestral state as the group colonized Eurasia. The data are consistent with a North African origin in the region of the Mediterranean and a single colonization event to North America. An ancestral chromosome state ofn= 17 is hypothesized for the group, and a descending dysploidy series inCarduusis hypothesized to correspond with the aridification of the Mediterranean region. TheCarduus-Cirsiumgroup highlights the difficulty of delimiting morphologically similar, cryptic genera.Öğe A taxonomic revision of the genus Cirsium Mill. sect. Cirsium (Asteraceae: Cardueae) in Turkey(Tubıtak scıentıfıc & technıcal research councıl turkey, ataturk bulvarı no 221, kavaklıdere, ankara, 00000, turkey, 2016) Yildiz, Bayram; Arabaci, Turan; Dirmenci, Tuncay; Kostekci, SerkanIn this study, the members of the genus Cirsium Mill. sect. Cirsium (Asteraceae: Cardueae) in Turkey are revised. The species C. eliasianum Kit Tan & Sorger is regarded as a synonym of C. frickii Fisch. & C.A. Mey. The name C. alatum subsp. alatum was misapplied for C. elodes M. Bieb. and C. elodes was misapplied in Turkey for C. subinerme Fisch. & C.A. Mey. In addition, two new hybrids, C.x prativagum Petr. and C. x woronowii Petr., are newly recorded for the flora of Turkey. The lectotype of C. pseudopersonata Boiss. & Balansa ex Boiss. subsp. kusnezowianum (Sommier & Levier) Petr. is designated here. As a result, the genus Cirsium is represented by 66 species (78 taxa) in Turkey, of which 17 species (27 taxa) belong to C. sect. Cirsium. In addition, an identification key of species, detailed morphological descriptions, color photographs, and images of useful distinguishing characters of all species are given.Öğe Two new species of Cirsium (Asteraceae) and notes on allies from Turkey(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2013) Yildiz, Bayram; Arabaci, Turan; Dirmenci, TuncayIn this study, 2 new species of Cirsium Mill. sect. Epitrachys DC., Cirsium balikesirense Yildiz, Arabaci & Dirmenci and C. nerimaniae Yildiz, Dirmenci & Arabaci from Turkey, are described and illustrated. The differences between the new species and their allies are discussed. Ecological habit, localities, key of allied species, and a distribution map of the species are given.
