Yazar "Yilmaz, Salih" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Analysis of Economic Leakage Level and Infrastructure Leakage Index Indicator by Applying Active Leakage Control
    (Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2021) Yilmaz, Salih; Firat, Mahmut; Ates, Abdullah; Ozdemir, Ozgur
    Active leakage control (ALC) has an important place in the management and prevention of leaks in water or/and gas distribution systems. However, cost-benefit components and the amount of economically recoverable leakage should be analyzed and determined, respectively, for the effective implementation of this method. In this study, an analysis of the cost-benefit components of the ALC method is presented for determining the amount of recoverable leakage and evaluating changes in the infrastructure leakage index (ILI) under the ALC method. An economic analysis of ALC was made for nine regions with different characteristics and benefits. System performance was evaluated according to ILI by calculating cost. The economically recoverable leakage under ALC, representing the maximum amount of water that could be economically saved to the system by the ALC method in the district metered areas (DMAs), were calculated. The ILI parameter, which has quite an important place in the performance of water distribution systems (WDSs), may be insufficient on its own for determining whether application of ALC will be economical in a region. The results showed that application of ALC method would not be economical, especially in regions in which unit water production costs are low and the number of customers per unit length and leakage are low.
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    Analysis of network useful life and cost-benefits for sustainable water management
    (Yildiz Technical Univ, 2024) Yilmaz, Salih; Firat, Mahmut; Ates, Abdullah
    Main lines and service connections in distribution systems are damaged due to various factors. The leakage volume, operating and repair costs increase depending on the density of damage. The cost-benefit and economic life analysis should be done for network renewal in distribution systems. In this study, a useful life analysis model was developed for pipes serving in distribution systems. The total number of failures in water distribution systems, failure repair costs, pipe diameter and material and leakage rates in the existing system and network characteristics are considered. The developed model was applied in 9 isolated regions with different properties in the application area. The useful lives have varied depending on the characteristics of the regions. The number of failures and the amount of water losses, as well as the length of the network and the type of new pipe play serious role in useful life analysis. Especially, it was observed that the type of pipe material to be used in network renewal has an effect on the useful life. It is thought that this study will constitute a reference for technical personnel, especially in deciding to renew the network.
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    Analysis of the effect of pressure control on leakages in distribution systems by FAVAD equation and field applications
    (Iwa Publishing, 2021) Ozdemir, Ozgur; Firat, Mahmut; Yilmaz, Salih; Usluer, Mustafa
    Pressure has an important effect on the occurrence of failures/leaks in water distribution systems (WDSs) or the change of leakage in existing leakages. For this reason, monitoring the pressure is important especially for analyzing the changes in the day and night, determining the fluctuations and applying pressure management (PM) to ensure normal operating conditions. In this study, the effect of pressure on water losses and minimum night flow (MNF) was carried out according to the Fixed and Varied Area Discharge (FAVAD) approach, which allows the amount of leakage to be calculated based on the change in pressure and field tests. The minimum flow rate and potential leakage were determined under the network operating conditions before the pressure control in a region. Then, considering the features of the region, pressure was reduced with the pressure control system and MNFs and leaks were monitored. By reducing the pressure from 9.10 bar to 3.2 bar in the region, the MNF rate was reduced from 6.95 I/s to 3.29 I/s. The daily water savings in the system inlet volume is 78.44 m(3)/day and the annual saving is 28,624 m(3)/year. The results obtained are very important for practitioners in terms of implementing PM in the field.
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    Analyzing the economic water loss level with a discrete stochastic optimization algorithm by considering budget constraints
    (Iwa Publishing, 2022) Yilmaz, Salih; Firat, Mahmut; Ate, Abdullah; Ozdemir, Ozgur
    Water losses in water distribution systems (WDSs) cause inefficiency of water resources and increase operating costs. Water loss management (WLM) methods generally have high initial investment and operating costs. However, the budget planned within the scope of WLM in administrations is generally limited. Therefore, the most appropriate method should be determined by considering the budget conditions and cost-benefit analysis. The aim of this study is to propose a new economic water loss level (EWLL) model in WDSs with the different budget constraints of 5, 15 and 20% of the annual income. This EWLL model was developed by the discrete stochastic optimization algorithm. The EWLL and economically recoverable leakage volumes were determined by considering the budget constraints. Moreover, the most appropriate methods were determined to reach the EWLL values defined according to the budget constraints. The EWLL was calculated as 8.62% by the optimization model without budget constraints. Moreover, the EWLL values with budget constraints of 5, 15 and 20% of the annual income were determined as 56.82, 21.14 and 18.02%, respectively. This EWLL model will make a significant contribution to the annual planning in WLM depending on the budget constraints of the administrations.
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    Defining cost standard and new algorithm for economic leakage level components in water loss management
    (Univ Estadual Maringa, Pro-Reitoria Pesquisa Pos-Graduacao, 2022) Yilmaz, Salih; Ates, Abdullah; Firat, Mahmut; Ozdemir, Ozgur
    Methods and tools used to reduce leakage in distribution systems are often time consuming and costly and require special requirements. Therefore, cost-benefit analysis is very important for basic reduction methods applied in water loss management. In this study, cost and benefit analysis standards were developed for basic methods such as pressure management, number of teams, and pipe rehabilitation and active leakage control, in managing leakages. Moreover, a new cost algorithmic structure was developed and the economically recoverable water amount was determined by applying calculation tool developed to make detailed analyzes systematically and accurately. The most important advantage of this study is the development of an economic analysis model and algorithmic structure for basic reduction methods according to field data. It is thought that the cost analysis and algorithmic structures developed will make a significant contribution to the economic leakage level analysis and serve as a reference for sustainable water loss management.
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    DEFINING THE OPTIMUM PRESSURE FOR ACTIVE LEAKAGE CONTROL EFFICIENCY BY CONSIDERING ECONOMIC CRITERIA
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2021) Yilmaz, Salih; Firat, Mahmut; Ates, Abdullah; Ozdemir, Ozgur
    The main purpose of this study is to determine the optimum pressure level by considering the economic criteria in case of applying pressure management and acoustic listening method, which are the most basic leakage reduction methods. For this purpose, optimum pressure levels were determined in the pilot regions selected and benefits to be obtained were discussed. The useful flow rate for ALC application in 4 regions was obtained as zero (0). In these DMAs, it was observed that the benefit to be obtained by applying only pressure management in these regions is more than the benefit that can be obtained from applying acoustic listening and pressure management together. Due to low water production costs, determining an active reduction strategy in the region will have uneconomic consequences for the Administration. Therefore, if there is no shortage of water resources, it would be a more ideal strategy to apply PM for DMA4. The results obtained from this study will constitute a reference within the scope of determining the optimum pressure level that will provide maximum benefit economically in the network when PM and ALC methods are used together.
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    Determination of Economic Leakage Level with Optimization Algorithm in Water Distribution Systems
    (World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2021) Firat, Mahmut; Yilmaz, Salih; Ates, Abdullah; Ozdemir, Ozgur
    It is necessary to set the most appropriate targets in water loss management (WLM) and to choose the most economically and technically suitable method to achieve these targets. The aim of this work is to define the level of economic leakage with the optimization algorithm in sustainable WLM, considering the system components, requirements and costs of the methods. For this purpose, a new model based on discrete stochastic optimization has been developed to determine the most appropriate values of the pressure level and the number of teams. After the system components were entered into the model, the optimal values of parameters were determined according to the problem-specific defined objective function. It was calculated that the pressure should be reduced from 40 m to 25.30 m, and the number of teams was 4 for the sample system. The Economic Leakage Level for the system was calculated as 145.85 m(3)/day in volume and 11.9% in percentage.
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    Determination of economic loss levels in water distribution systems with different network conditions by a district stochastic optimization algorithm
    (Iwa Publishing, 2023) Yilmaz, Salih; Ates, Abdullah; Firat, Mahmut; Ozdemir, Ozgur; Cinal, Huseyin
    Water losses in water distribution systems reach significant rates depending on the network characteristics. Various methods, which have initial investment and operating costs have been applied to reduce these losses. Therefore, appropriate and applicable methods should be preferred by considering the network characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine the economic loss level with an optimization algorithm for utilities with different network characteristics, water production, operating costs and institutional capacity. Three pilot utilities with different system characteristics and water loss components were selected as application areas. The non-revenue water rates are currently calculated as 57, 50 and 37%, respectively. The economic loss levels in the pilot utilities were calculated as 29, 16 and 23% with the optimization model. Moreover, the most appropriate methods to be applied according to the conditions of the utilities were determined in order to reach these defined economic loss levels. It is thought that the results obtained from this study will be a reference for the development of sustainable water loss management strategies and their implementation in the field.
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    Developing a management and operation model for water and wastewater components using the equilibrium optimization algorithm
    (Iwa Publishing, 2024) Kilic, Selami; Ates, Abdullah; Firat, Mahmut; Yilmaz, Salih
    A novel optimization model was developed using the equilibrium optimization algorithm to define the most appropriate management process according to the current state of urban water components in utilities. The basis of the optimization model is the current status analysis and management system, which consists of 11 main headings and 231 components. This model is applied for three utilities, and the results are presented in comparison with real-time data. Currently, the number of components with 0 or 1 score is 28, 19 and 69, respectively. The current average scores of the components in the utilities were obtained as 2.84, 3.43 and 2.48, respectively. Then, the improvement process of these components is optimized by the equilibrium optimization algorithm. The most appropriate targets were defined as 3.90, 4.15 and 3.71, respectively, with the optimization algorithm by considering the current scores in the utilities. The target scores for water supply, wastewater collection and treatment components are determined as 3.81, 4.05 and 3.84 for utility I; 4.03, 4.18 and 4.22 for utility II; and 3.51, 3.56 and 4.05 for utility III. The proposed model will be a reference for defining the most appropriate target and determining the management process.
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    Development and Implementation of a Novel Assessment System for Water Utilities in Strategic Water Loss Management
    (Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2023) Firat, Mahmut; Bozkurt, Cansu; Ates, Abdullah; Yilmaz, Salih; Ozdemir, Ozgur
    Numerous methods and tools have been proposed to manage water losses in water distribution systems. These methods generally involve time-consuming and costly processes. Since the dynamic structure of each system is different, the applicability of the methods should be analyzed before applying the methods. In this study, a novel system is developed to analyze the current condition of utility and to assess the data quality and current implementation level of water loss management (WLM) practices. This system consists of a total of 144 WLM components under eight main categories. Pilot utilities are selected to test the feasibility of the developed model and analyze its behavior in the field. Weaknesses and strengths within the scope of WLM are defined separately for each utility. It was understood that the model developed takes into account the dynamic structure of each utility, is applicable in the field, and presents the current condition in a realistic way. It is thought that the developed model will create a reference, especially for practitioners and decision makers in the field, and will provide important benefits in the scope of WLM.
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    Development of current condition assessment and target definition model for water balance practices in sustainable water loss management
    (Iwa Publishing, 2022) Bozkurt, Cansu; Firat, Mahmut; Yilmaz, Salih; Ates, Abdullah
    In water distribution systems, water losses should be defined accurately and systematically. The water balance method is one of the most basic analyzes applied in water loss management. In this study, a new method was proposed to evaluate the data quality of water balance components and application levels of the water balance practices by considering a total of 27 components. The developed model was applied in 4 pilot water administrations. The weaknesses and strengths in water balance practices were determined by considering the scoring in accordance with the dynamic structure of each administration. The quality of basic data measurement components and application levels of water balance practices are at good level in Administrations II and IV, at poor level in Administration I, and at average level in Administration III. Moreover, quality of water balance analysis and performance monitoring practices are at good level in Administrations II and IV, at poor level in Administrations I and II. Thus the components that need improvement in each administration were identified and improvement process was suggested. It is thought that this model will make a significant contribution to the testing of current application levels of water loss management components for practitioners and decision makers.
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    Identification of priority areas for rehabilitation in wastewater systems using ENTROPY, ELECTRE and TOPSIS
    (Iwa Publishing, 2022) Orhan, Cansu; Firat, Mahmut; Yilmaz, Salih
    Wastewater system failures cause operating conditions to deteriorate. Therefore, risk factors should be identified and rehabilitation priority should be established by considering all factors. Determining the rehabilitation priority areas is very important in terms of public health, service quality and operating cost. The aim of this study, which was carried out in Malatya, Turkey, was to determine rehabilitation priority in wastewater systems by integrating ENTROPY, ELECTRE and TOPSIS methods. Some 26 physical, hydraulic, operating and cost factors were considered. The factor weightings were determined by the ENTROPY method to define the factors' contributions, based on the field data. Rehabilitation priorities were then determined separately using ELECTRE and TOPSIS, taking the factor weights and field data into consideration. Priority regions in rehabilitation were obtained similar according to both methods. The results obtained will provide a reference for wastewater system management and determination of rehabilitation priorities.
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    Identification of the priority regions in the customer water meters replacement using the AHP and ELECTRE methods
    (Yildiz Technical Univ, 2021) Yilmaz, Salih; Firat, Mahmut; Bozkurt, Cansu; Ozdemir, Ozgur
    The aim of this study is to determine the priority areas in the meter replacement or rehabilitation by using an integrated methodology combining the AHP and ELECTRE I methods to reduce the non-revenue water. For this, a total of 7 criteria such as the Water Consumption Rate, Mean Meter Age, Faulty Water Meter Ratio, Region Population Rate, Customer Loyalty Percentage, Average Operating Pressure and Calibrated Age were considered. The AHP method was applied to calculate the weights of the criteria and then a model based on weights of criteria was developed using the ELECTRE I method. The model based on AHP and ELEC-TRE I methods was applied by taking into account the field data records for 7 criteria and the priority regions in water meter replacement were determined. This study will make significant contributions in the scope of minimizing the losses caused by the meters, reducing the costs in meter management and making the most benefit in meter replacement.
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    A novel assessment framework for evaluation of the current implementation level of water and wastewater management practices
    (Iwa Publishing, 2023) Kilic, Selami; Firat, Mahmut; Yilmaz, Salih; Ates, Abdullah
    A sustainable urban water cycle is critical in terms of effective water network management, efficient use of water resources, protection of the environment and human health, and reuse of treated water. The objective of this study is to develop a novel assessment framework that evaluates the data quality of components and current implementation levels of wastewater management (WWM) practices, calculates performance indicators according to the data quality of the components, and proposes the most appropriate improvement methods according to the current status of the components. This assessment framework consists of five matrices, namely the current situation analysis and management system (CSAS), data matrix (DATA), performance assessment system (PAAS), target definition system (TARGET), and method matrix (TOOL). The current situation is analyzed with a total of 231 components under 11 main headings covering WWM practices. The assessment framework was tested in pilot utilities and the results were discussed. It is observed that the scores of utility I were generally better than those of utilities II and III. The novelty of this assessment framework is to evaluate the current situation of WWM practices with a unique scoring system, to define the weaknesses and strengths in WWM, and to present a roadmap for improvement according to the current situation.
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    A Novel Strategic Water Loss Management Model and Its Optimization with Harris Hawk Algorithm
    (Springer, 2024) Bozkurt, Cansu; Ates, Abdullah; Firat, Mahmut; Yilmaz, Salih; Ozdemir, Ozgur
    Water loss management (WLM) in water distribution systems (WDSs) is generally time consuming, costly and difficult. Therefore, the most appropriate methodology should be defined based on the current status, requirements and technical capacity of the utilities. In this study, a novel WLM model was developed to improve the WLM practices, to define the most appropriate and applicable targets and to determine the components that need to be improved primarily using the Harris Hawk Optimization (HHO) algorithm. Firstly, a total of 144 components in the CSAS proposed by Bozkurt et al. (Welcome Sigma J Eng Natural Sci 40:1-13, 2022b) are scored in three utilities. The averages of current scores in utilities are 3.4167, 2.9792 and 1.1597, respectively. Then the most appropriate targets were defined with the optimization algorithm by considering the current situation and the dynamic structure of utility. The target scores defined by optimization model in utilities are 4.4097, 4.3958 and 3.2292, respectively. This novel model will contribute to the prevention of time-consuming and costly processes by determining the most appropriate progress. It is thought that this study will provide significant benefits for creating a road map for practitioners in WLM.
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    Seismic strengthening of RC structures with exterior shear walls
    (Indian Acad Sciences, 2011) Kaplan, Hasan; Yilmaz, Salih; Cetinkaya, Nihat; Atimtay, Ergin
    Vulnerable buildings and their rehabilitation are important problems for earthquake regions. In recent decades the goal of building rehabilitation and strengthening has gained research attention and numerous techniques have been developed to achieve this. However, most of these strengthening techniques disturb the occupants, who must vacate the building during renovation. In this study, a new strengthening alternative for RC structures, namely exterior shear walls, has been experimentally investigated under reversed cyclic loading. Using the proposed technique, it is possible to strengthen structures without disturbing their users or vacating the building during renovation. In this technique, shear walls are installed in parallel to the building's exterior sides. It has been observed that the usage of exterior shear walls considerably improve the capacity and sway stiffness of RC structures. The experimental results have also been compared and found to be in agreement with the numerical solutions. Post attached exterior shear walls behaved as a monolithic member of the structure. Design considerations for the exterior shear wall-strengthened buildings have also been discussed in the paper.
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    Using the Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) indicator for effective and sustainable leakage management: importance, advantages and challenges
    (Yildiz Technical Univ, 2022) Yilmaz, Salih; Firat, Mahmut; Oezdemir, Oezgur
    Leaks occurring in distribution systems constitute a significant part of water losses. Active leak control methods (district metered area, minimum night flow analysis, repair speed and quality) are applied to manage and control the leaks. It is very important to use appropriate indicators to determine and monitor the performance in the process, and compare the systems with each other. In this study, it was aimed to use the infrastructure leakage index (ILI) proposed by International Water Association (IWA) and considered as the unique indicator that is used to compare systems with each other in order to analyze and monitor system performance in leakage management for pilot regions. However, the use of this indicator, which is preferred by a limited number of utilities in Turkey due to the lack of information and awareness, and lack of technical infrastructure, requires basic data representing the system characteristics. Based on the pilot case studies, the role and advantage of this indicator in leakage management, the problems experienced and the interpretation of the results were discussed. With this indicator, it is possible to determine the leakage level in the current conditions and to determine the most suitable process accordingly. It is thought that this study will make a significant contribution to technical personnel in terms of leakage management.