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Öğe Cultures of primary thymocyte cell viability, ROS and [Ca2+]i monitoring [Primer timosit hücre kültürlerinde canlılık, ROS ve [Ca+2]i monitorizasyonu](Turkish Society of Immunology, 2012) Yilmaz B.; Sandal S.[No abstract available]Öğe Determination of handicapped people's preference for the use of urban parks in Antalya(WFL Publisher Ltd., 2013) Yilmaz T.; Gökçe D.; Atik A.; Yilmaz B.Consistently expanding urban and structured areas make people away from the nature. Therefore, city parks gain importance for meeting people's recreational needs. City parks are public areas open to common use. Because of this characteristic, they should meet each person's need of utilizing them and have infrastructures for any preferences. Therefore, before planning and restoration of city parks, any expectation from various levels of community should be taken into consideration to constitute areas appealing to the whole society. In the present study, socio-demographic factors affecting use preferences of park users living in Antalya city were evaluated. It was found from the result of survey questionnaire conducted in the scope of the study that 86.7% of handicapped people prefer city parks for their recreational activities. Chi-square (?2), independence and chi-square (?2) Trend tests were used to determine significance level of the relationship between participants' socio-demographic characteristics and use preference of city parks. It was also determined as the result of analyses that social security and house type have statistically significant effect on use preference of city parks.Öğe Effects of cholesterol and docosahexaenoic acid on cell viability and (Ca2+)i levels in acutely isolated mouse thymocytes(2009) Sandal S.; Tuneva J.; Yilmaz B.; Carpenter D.O.We investigated the effects of lipids on thymocyte function. The effects of application of cholesterol or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a C22, omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), on viability and intracellular calcium concentrations of acutely isolated mouse thymocytes were investigated using flow cytometry. Cholesterol (100 ?M) caused significant cell death after 30-60 min whether or not calcium was present in the medium. Cell death was associated with an elevation of intracellular calcium whether or not calcium was present in the extracellular medium. However, the elevation of calcium concentration was not responsible for the cell death since calcium levels in the presence of ionomycin rose higher without significant cell death. DHA had similar actions but was more potent, causing significant cell death and elevation of calcium concentration within 5 min at 1 ?M. In the absence of extracellular calcium 1 ?M DHA caused 100% cell death within 15 min. Linolenic acid, a C18 omega-3 fatty acid also caused cytotoxicity at low concentrations whether or not albumin was present, but omega-6 or saturated C22 fatty acids were much less effective. These observations demonstrate that thymocyte viability is very sensitive to acute exposure to low concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe Evaluation of the relationship between the characteristics of park visitors, their expectations from parks and use preference: The sample of Malatya city, Turkey(WFL Publisher Ltd., 2014) Yilmaz T.; Yilmaz B.; Atik A.; Aslan F.This study was conducted to determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics of park users and their aims, frequencies and length of visiting parks in the centre of Malatya city. There is a positive correlation between liveability of a city and the value city parks add to it in today's modern and planned cities. In this respect, parks are important elements of urban structures and needs for their value, service and functions they add increase day by day. As it should be in the local or global supply of all goods and services all over the world, parks should be planned taking the needs and preferences of their users depending on their service and functions. Views and preferences of city people, who are always potential city park users, have directing effects for decision makers. Such views can be determined using questionnaire surveys evaluated through statistical methods. In the present study, data obtained from questionnaire survey conducted in Malatya city centre were subjected to multidimensional statistical analyses and effects of socio-demographic characteristics of local people (city dwellers) and their statistical significance were determined.Öğe Factors effective on industrial wood material production yield in Turkey's natural beech forests(2013) Atik A.; Yilmaz B.; Aslan F.Objective of the present study is to determine objectively the most important factors effective on industrial wood material production yield in a multifaceted approach in the sample of natural oriental beech forest of Turkey where the majority of forest is natural forest and to help entrepreneurs develop more sensitive and realistic production plans considering these factors. In this aim, 41 production units located in Gunye Forest Management in Bartin province (in West Blacksea Region) were chosen to be study area. Study area covering an area of 1277 ha was included in the production plan of the management between 2007 and 2010. General state of stand, natural structure of production units, production method and tools which are the factors thought to be effective on industrial wood material production yield in production units and 26 variables measuring relationships between these factors were evaluated in the study. It was found as the result of the multidimensional statistical analyses including main components, factor and regression analysis that the most important factors effective on production yield were fertility rate, orientation of land, drifting method, constitution structure of the stand, drifting distance, wealth, transportation and abiotic harms. Production units were divided into three groups based on yield rates and 26 variables using discriminate analysis. From the results of the study, a sample model can be developed to help forest managements predict and plan annual industrial wood production more sensitively and realistically. © Sila Science.Öğe Genotoxic effects of chlorpyrifos, cypermethrin, endosulfan and 2,4-D on human peripheral lymphocytes cultured from smokers and nonsmokers(2011) Sandal S.; Yilmaz B.Pesticides often cause environmental pollution and adverse effects on human health. We have chosen four structurally different pesticides (endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide; chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate insecticide; cypermethrin, type II pyrethroid insecticide, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, a chlorinated aromatic hydrocarbon acid pesticide) to examine and compare their effects on DNA damage in acutely cultured human lymphocytes by the comet assay. In addition, possible differences in response between smoking and nonsmoking subjects were also investigated. Venous blood samples were obtained from healthy male nonsmoker (n = 7) and smoker (n = 8) donors. Primary cultures of lymphocytes were prepared and test groups were treated with three different concentrations (1, 5, and 10 ?M) of endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, cypermehrin, and 2,4-D. DNA damage was assessed by alkaline comet assay. We determined an increase in the ratio of DNA migration in human lymphocyte cell cultures as a result of treatment with cypermethrin, 2,4-D and chlorpyrifos at high concentration. Endosulfan had no significant genotoxic effect even at 10 ?M concentration. We suggest that chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin are more potentially genotoxic than endosulfan and 2,4-D. Our findings also indicate that the only significant DNA damage between smokers and nonsmokers was observed in the 2,4-D-treated group. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Öğe Landscape characteristics of Battalgazi archaeological and historical settlement in Malatya, Turkey, its protection problems and solutions(Scibulcom Ltd., 2014) Yilmaz B.; Saricam S.; Aslan F.; Atik A.Historical settlements are the values which combine past and today, achieve interaction between cultures and give identity to the environment. It is usual in historical settlements that a change may be experienced. It is required that a prospective management and protection approach should be provided in order to avoid identity losses by experienced changes in historical settlements. Unfortunately, in time these values are eroded inside the uniform unplanned and distorted urban areas. It is emphasised in the 1972 UNESCO Convention for The Protection of The World Cultural and Natural Heritage that these unique cultural values belong not only to the geography they take place but also to human kind. It is a responsibility for human kind that these values should be protected in a complementary approach without isolating historical places form their original natural and cultural environment. Dating back to Palaeolithic period the Battalgazi town (Old Malatya) in Malatya city was researched. From the antique ages to date, this province has been one of the most important junction points which connect Middle East, Anatolia and Eurasia. In the Ottoman period; during the western attack of Ottoman Army local people were obliged to move orchards houses and set up today urban structure. The town Battalgazi survives with its historical and archaeological tissue. Historical tissue in the town is shaded by distorted urban area, destroyed by wrong restoration methods and poor maintenance conditions in addition to unsuitable socio-cultural structure. This study was carried out by scanning literature, interviewing responsible institutions and experts and evaluating data obtained from observations. In the study elements forming the historical tissue in the area were briefly identified and the relation between historical building and its environment, its land-use and landscape characteristics were investigated. Consequently, the degree of change and its effect on the town were determined.Öğe Mapping Nature Based Recreation Opportunities to Develop Tourism in Rural Regions(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2023) Yilmaz B.; Cengiz S.; Görmüş S.Since the demand for recreation in urban areas is not met, the demand for outdoor recreation in rural areas is increasing. Rural towns, in particular, consider open space recreation demands as an opportunity to realize their desire to integrate into the tourism sector. However, the inability to plan the increasing demand for recreation puts pressure on rural areas. Local governments are trying to be included in the Cittaslow movement in order to integrate into the tourism sector with their rural qualities. Cittaslow approach, which focuses on preserving the original rural characteristics of the settlements directing the recreational potential in the surrounding areas can be considered as an opportunity for this approach to succeed. In order for the landscape planning strategies that local governments will develop in directing the recreational potential to be reliable, they should follow scientific geographical techniques. This study focuses on the importance of expanding the nature- based recreation opportunities of the towns included in the Cittaslow network, assuming that the regulation of the recreation potential that will provide the Cittaslow principles by the local governments will be the most important factor in the preservation of the rural quality. Based on the assumption that quality of life, tourism policy, awareness and social cohesion, which are among the Cittaslow criteria, should be considered not only in terms of city centers but also for its rural areas, it is aimed to determine the nature- based recreation mapping possibilities in Turkey / Malatya / Arapgir district. The study analyzes how local recreation planning can be supported by geographic techniques. Data and methodologies that can be employed in nature- based recreation planning have been determined based on the field study conducted in Arapgir district. Based on data and techniques, recreational potential and nature- culture recreation corridor were determined. The study presents a simple analysis and evaluation technique to effectively manage the recreational potential in local planning. © 2023 Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften.Öğe Mapping of biotopes in urban areas: A case study of the city of bartın and its environs, Turkey(Academic Journals, 2010) Yilmaz B.; Gülez S.; Kaya L.G.Biotope mapping is one of the planning elements playing an important role in detection of ecologically valuable areas. It is obligatory to consider urban biotopes in point of protection and management of natural and cultural structure especially in the development processes of urban areas. However, urban planning in Turkey where 75% of the population lives in urban areas is done without considering existing biotopes. For this reason, the cities lose their identity and gradually lose their quality of being a livable environment. In this study, the cultural and semi-natural biotopes in the City of Barti{dotless}n and its environs, one of the smallest provinces of Turkey, were examined. First land use types were determined and later biotope types were classified and mapped. After determining all land usage types, comprehensive mapping method was applied. However, representative mapping method was also used in areas where land usage and biodiversity were similar. Geographical information systems were used to map urban biotopes and store the ecological data. Varieties in land use types and plant species combination were used as indicators in determination of the areas that show ecological differences. A database were formed in order to provide basis for ecological planning approach in urban areas by mentioning plant species found in each biotope. © 2010 Academic Journals.Öğe Modelling purchasing demand of urban people for ornamental plants using logistic regression analysis: Sample of Malatya city(Medwell Journals, 2013) Atik A.; Aslan F.; Yilmaz B.; Ates O.Quality and quantity of urban green space in a city can directly affect public living comfort in the same city. Today, several cities in Turkey face a dense structuring process. People do not give the same importance to green areas as their living places they shelter. However, some local governments develop strategies to protect and use existent green areas spend great amount of efforts and money to gain new green areas through landscape architecture practices. Most important element of green areas is ornamental plants. In the scope of the study, a questionnaire survey was completed using face to face technique. Data was evaluated using single variable logistic regression analysis and variables candidate to enter multivariable model were determined. Equivalence to be used in the determination of probability for urban people to purchase ornamental plants was determined with the help of Logit Model formed as the result of multivariable regression analysis. It was found according to model that gender of people buying ornamental plants, having pet and balcony in the houses and the number of family members were the effective variables. At the end of the study new approaches were proposed for the propagation and marketing of ornamental plants. © Medwell Journals, 2013.
