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    Assessment of heavy metal accumulation and essential nutrients in fruits: implications for food safety and environmental sustainability
    (Springer, 2025) Yumusakbas, Hatice; Ugur, Yilmaz; Maras, Zeynep; Buyuksoylu, Semih; Erdogan, Selim
    This study investigates the total concentrations of essential and potentially toxic elements in cherries (Prunus avium), strawberries (Fragaria x ananassa), and grapes (Vitis vinifera) to assess food safety and environmental sustainability. A total of 550 fruit samples and corresponding leaf and soil samples were collected from cherry, strawberry, and grape plants across 60 individuals, with 1 kg of soil sampled per plant. Elemental concentrations were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The results indicated that potassium (K) was the dominant macro element in strawberries (3242.08 mg/kg), while calcium (Ca) exhibited the highest concentration in grapes (4748.0 mg/kg). Iron (Fe) concentrations were notably high in grape soils (170.85 mg/kg), besides cadmium (Cd) concentrations exceeded permissible regulatory limits in all samples, suggesting contamination from agricultural sources. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed distinct elemental patterns between fruit, leaf, and soil compartments. These findings highlight the necessity of continuous monitoring and regulatory enforcement to mitigate heavy metal exposure in agricultural products.
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    Evaluation of Relationship between Sperm Cell Velocities and Fatty Acids Contents of Semen Seminal Fluid in the Two Trout Fish Species
    (Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2023) Ozgur, Mustafa Erkan; Erdogan, Selim; Aydemir, Songul; Yumusakbas, Hatice
    In this study, the fatty acid compositions of semen seminal plasma in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) were analyzed in fresh semen by gas chromatography (GC) and investigated the relationships with the sperm cell velocities. According to our results, total levels of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) for Salmo trutta fario occurred in higher quantities than Oncorhynchus mykiss but the quantities of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were less. Palmitic and stearic acid for SFA, oleic and nervonic acids for MUFA and linolenic, arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids for PUFA of semen seminal plasma were main. Semen volume and the levels of SFA (myristic, palmitic and margaric acid), MUFA (palmitoleic, ginkgolic, oleic and nervonic acid) and PUFA (linoleic, gama-linolenic and eicosadienoic acid) were significantly different (p<0.05) between both species. Especially, the levels of eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) determined no significant different (p>0.05). Additionally, we found negative correlation between the straight line velocity (VSL) and pentadecanoic acid (r =-0.78, p<0.05), stearic acid (r =-0.76, p<0.05) and nervonic acid (r =-0.89, p<0.01) for rainbow trout, while there was negative correlation (r =-0.96, p<0.05) between angular path velocity (VAP) and EPA for brown trout. Finally, it can be concluded with these results that the fatty acids of sperm seminal plasma affect the velocities of sperm cells and they would also improve semen quality and fertilization protocols.