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Öğe Development of a Novel Class of Pyridazinone Derivatives as Selective MAO-B Inhibitors(Mdpi, 2022) Alagoz, Mehmet Abdullah; Oh, Jong Min; Zenni, Yaren Nur; Ozdemir, Zeynep; Abdelgawad, Mohamed A.; Naguib, Ibrahim A.; Ghoneim, Mohammed M.Sixteen compounds (TR1-TR16) were synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidase A and B (MAOs). Most of the derivatives showed potent and highly selective MAO-B inhibition. Compound TR16 was the most potent inhibitor against MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.17 mu M, followed by TR2 (IC50 = 0.27 mu M). TR2 and TR16 selectivity index (SI) values for MAO-B versus MAO-A were 84.96 and higher than 235.29, respectively. Compared to the basic structures, the para-chloro substituent in TR2 and TR16 increased the inhibitory activity of MAO-B. TR2 and TR16 were reversible MAO-B inhibitors that were competitive, with K-i values of 0.230 +/- 0.004 and 0.149 +/- 0.016 mu M, respectively. The PAMPA method indicated that compounds TR2 and TR16 had the tendency to traverse the blood-brain barrier. Docking investigations revealed that lead compounds were beneficial for MAO-B inhibition via association with key as well as selective E84 or Y326 residues, but not for MAO-A inhibition via interaction primarily driven by hydrophobic contacts. In conclusion, TR2 and TR16 are therapeutic prospects for the management of multiple neurodegenerative diseases.Öğe Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidases by Pyridazinobenzylpiperidine Derivatives(Mdpi, 2024) Oh, Jong Min; Zenni, Yaren Nur; Ozdemir, Zeynep; Kumar, Sunil; Kilic, Semanur; Akdag, Mevlut; Ozcelik, Azime BernaMonoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) have been crucial in the search for anti-neurodegenerative medications and continued to be a vital source of molecular and mechanistic diversity. Therefore, the search for selective MAOIs is one of the main areas of current drug development. To increase the effectiveness and safety of treating Parkinson's disease, new scaffolds for reversible MAO-B inhibitors are being developed. A total of 24 pyridazinobenzylpiperidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for MAO. Most of the compounds showed a higher inhibition of MAO-B than of MAO-A. Compound S5 most potently inhibited MAO-B with an IC50 value of 0.203 mu M, followed by S16 (IC50 = 0.979 mu M). In contrast, all compounds showed weak MAO-A inhibition. Among them, S15 most potently inhibited MAO-A with an IC50 value of 3.691 mu M, followed by S5 (IC50 = 3.857 mu M). Compound S5 had the highest selectivity index (SI) value of 19.04 for MAO-B compared with MAO-A. Compound S5 (3-Cl) showed greater MAO-B inhibition than the other derivatives with substituents of -Cl > -OCH3 > -F > -CN > -CH3 > -Br at the 3-position. However, the 2- and 4-position showed low MAO-B inhibition, except S16 (2-CN). In addition, compounds containing two or more substituents exhibited low MAO-B inhibition. In the kinetic study, the K-i values of S5 and S16 for MAO-B were 0.155 +/- 0.050 and 0.721 +/- 0.074 mu M, respectively, with competitive reversible-type inhibition. Additionally, in the PAMPA, both lead compounds demonstrated blood-brain barrier penetration. Furthermore, stability was demonstrated by the 2V5Z-S5 complex by pi-pi stacking with Tyr398 and Tyr326. These results suggest that S5 and S16 are potent, reversible, selective MAO-B inhibitors that can be used as potential agents for the treatment of neurological disorders.Öğe Potent Antimicrobial Azoles: Synthesis, In Vitro and In Silico Study(Mdpi, 2024) Ozdemir, Zeynep; Zenni, Yaren Nur; Karakurt, Arzu; Sari, Suat; Sarac, Selma; Akdag, Mevluet; Merde, Irem BozbeyBackground/Objectives: The increase in fungal infections, both systemic and invasive, is a major source of morbidity and mortality, particularly among immunocompromised people such as cancer patients and organ transplant recipients. Because of their strong therapeutic activity and excellent safety profiles, azole antifungals are currently the most extensively used systemic antifungal drugs. Antibacterial properties of various topical antifungals, such as oxiconazole, which features oxime ether functionality, were discovered, indicating an exciting prospect in antimicrobial chemotherapy. Methods: In this study, eleven new oxime ether derivatives with the azole scaffold (5a-k) were synthesized and tested for their antimicrobial effects using the microdilution method to obtain broad-spectrum hits. Results: Although the title compounds showed limited efficacy against Candida species, they proved highly effective against dermatophytes. Compounds 5c and 5h were the most potent derivatives against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Arthroderma quadrifidum, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values lower than those of the reference drug, griseofulvin. The MIC of 5c and 5h were 0.491 mu g/mL and 0.619 mu g/mL against T. mentagrophytes (MIC of griseofulvin: 2.52 mu g/mL). The compounds were also tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Briefly, 5c was the most active against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, with MIC values much better than that of ciprofloxacin (MIC of 5c = 1.56 mu g/mL and 1.23 mu g/mL, MIC of ciprofloxacin = 31.49 and 125.99 mu g/mL, respectively). Molecular docking suggested a good fit in the active site of fungal lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) and bacterial FtsZ (Filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z) protein. Conclusions: As a result, the title compounds emerged as promising entities with broad antifungal and antibacterial effects, highlighting the utility of oxime ether function in the azole scaffold.Öğe Seçici monoaminoksidaz-B inhibitörü yeni bileşiklerin tasarımı, sentezi ve parkinson hastalığının tedavisindeki etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi(İnönü Üniversitesi, 2024) Zenni, Yaren Nur; Özdemir, ZeynepAmaç: Bu tez çalışmasında, çeşitli sübstitüe benzaldehit ve asetofenon türevlerinin piridazinon halkası taşıyan hidrazitle reaksiyonu sonucunda yeni 20 hidrazon türevi elde edilip bu bileşiklerin MAO-B inhibitör etkileri araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu bileşiklerin MAO-B enzim inhibisyonu aracılığıyla henüz radikal tedavisi bulunmayan parkinson hastalığının tedavisine katkı sunulması amaçlanmaktadır. Materyal ve Metot: Tez bileşikleri için sırasıyla 3-kloro-6-[4-morfolinopiperazin-1-il]piridazin, 6-[4-morfolinopiperazin-1-il]-3(2H)-piridazinon, Etil 6-[4-morfolinopiperazin-1-il]-3(2H)-piridazinon-2-il, 6-[4-morfolinopiperazin-1-il]-3(2H)-piridazinon-2-il asetohidrazit başlangıç maddeleri sentezlenmiştir. Sonuç maddeleri ise 6-[4-morfolinopiperazin-1-il]-3(2H)-piridazinon-2-il asetohidrazit ile çeşitli benzaldehit ve asetofenon türevlerinin reaksiyonu sonucunda sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenip saflaştırılan bileşiklerin Rf değerleri, erime dereceleri, yüzde verimleri ve fiziksel özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Söz konusu bileşiklerin yapıları 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR ve kütle spektrumlarıyla aydınlatılmıştır. Bileşiklerin MAO inhibisyon aktiviteleri ise ELISA yöntemiyle Bari Aldo Moro Üniversitesinde yapılmıştır. Parkinson tedavisinde kullanılan selejilin gibi MAO-B inhibitörü ilaçlarla etkileri kıyaslanarak, bileşiklerden aktif olanların kan beyin bariyerini geçişleri araştırılmıştır. Bulgular: Bileşiklerin MAO-A inhibitörü etkileri oldukça düşük çıkmış; bileşik Y8, Y15 ve Y16 hiç MAO-A inhibitörü etki göstermemiştir. Yüksek MAO-B enzim inhibisyonu yüzdesine sahip Y5 ve Y11'in IC50 değerleri sırasıyla 0.704 ± 0.106 ve 0.453 ± 0.035'dir. Sonuç: Tez kapsamında sentezlenen bileşiklerin, yapı-aktivite ilişkilerinin belirlenmesi ile yapılacak modifikasyonlar ve yeni ilaç tasarımları ileri çalışmalara ışık tutacak ve en aktif kolinesteraz inhibitörlerine ulaşmayı sağlayacaktır.
