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    Impacts of different triathlon races on systemic cytokine profile and metabolic parameters in healthy individuals: a systematic review
    (Bmc, 2023) de Sousa Fernandes, Matheus Santos; Gomes, Jefferson Mariano; Aidar, Felipe J.; Thuany, Mabliny; Filgueira, Tayrine Ordonio; de Souza, Raphael Fabricio; Badicu, Georgian
    The present systematic review aimed to discuss the impacts of different triathlon protocols on the level of pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as biomarkers related to the performance of healthy individuals. Four databases [PubMed (28 articles), Scopus (24 articles), Science Direct (200 articles), and SPORT Discus (1101 articles) were assessed. The eligibility criteria were applied, and the selected articles were used in the peer review, independently, as they were identified by March 2022. Of the 1359 articles found, 10 were included in this systematic review. Despite the difference in triathlon protocols, it was observed an increase in pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines including IL-4 and IL-10, and chemokines, such as IL-8 and MCP-1. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory serum levels increase after triathlon. Overall, the studies also reported enhancement in the serum levels of cortisol, creatine kinase, C reactive protein, Endothelial Growth Factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Myostatin, Lactate dehydrogenase, free fatty acids, and lactate dehydrogenase in triathlon athletes. This systematic review indicates that different triathlon race promotes an acute elevation of circulating cytokines and chemokines levels which return to standard levels after triathlon races. The findings of this systematic review demonstrate that the modulation of inflammatory parameters may be associated with an increase in metabolic indicators (CK, Cortisol, and LDH) after the end of different types of triathlon races.
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    Is environmental enrichment effective in modulating autophagy markers in the brain exposed to adverse conditions? A systematic review
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Silva, Clarice Beatriz Goncalves; de Sousa Fernandes, Matheus Santos; Cerqueira, Debora Dantas Nucci; Santos, Gabriela Carvalho Jurema; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Aygun, Yalin; Badicu, Georgian
    Autophagy is a key regulator of cellular homeostasis and neuronal survival, particularly under adverse physiological conditions. Environmental enrichment (EE), a non-pharmacological intervention providing enhanced sensory, cognitive, and motor stimulation, may modulate autophagic processes in the brain. This systematic review aimed to synthesize preclinical findings on the effects of EE on autophagy markers in rodent models subjected to diverse adverse conditions. A literature search across PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and embase yielded eight eligible studies meeting inclusion criteria. EE was found to be generally associated with upregulation of key autophagic markers such as Beclin-1, LC3-II/LC3-I ratio, cathepsins, p62, p-TFEB, and LAMP-1 across brain regions including the cortex, hippocampus, and penumbral area. However, reductions in some markers were also observed, indicating that the modulatory effects of EE are context-dependent and may vary with disease model, brain region, or EE protocol duration. These findings suggest that EE holds promise as an adjunctive strategy to modulate autophagy and mitigate neurodegeneration, though heterogeneity in study design and outcomes warrants caution during interpretation. Further mechanistic and sex-specific studies are needed to clarify the therapeutic relevance of EE-induced autophagic modulation.
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    Post-activation performance enhancement effect of drop jump on long jump performance during competition
    (Nature Portfolio, 2023) dos Santos Silva, Devisson; Boullosa, Daniel; Pereira, Erika Vitoria Moura; de Jesus Alves, Micael Deivison; de Sousa Fernandes, Matheus Santos; Badicu, Georgian; Yagin, Fatma Hilal
    Drop jump is widely used in training sessions, aiming for chronic effects on long jump performance. However, the acute effect of drop jump on long jump performance through its use as a Conditioning Activity (CA) has not been explored. The objective of this study was to verify the Post-activation Performance Enhancement (PAPE) responses induced by successive Drop Jumps (DJ) on competitive long jump performance. Eleven male jumpers (19.0 +/- 2.0 years; 178.0 +/- 9.0 cm; 73.1 +/- 8.9 kg; and personal record 5.78 +/- 0.44 m) volunteered for participation. The athletes performed 5 drop jumps 2 min (1 ' 45-2 ' 15 min) before the second, and fourth attempt during official competition of state level, the attempts without the use of CA were considered controls. The performance of the second (5.63 +/- 0.43 m), third (5.65 +/- 0.46, g = 0.24) and fourth (5.71 +/- 0.34 m) jumps performed after activation were higher than the first (5.54 +/- 0.45 m) in the control condition, p = 0.02, and p = 0.01 respectively. Differences were also found in the take-off vertical velocity of the jump between the fourth (1.55 +/- 0.21) and the first jump (1.30 +/- 0.40), p = 0.006. Jump performance showed positive correlation with approach velocity, r = 0.731, vertical take-off velocity, r = 0.412, and take-off duration, r = 0.508. The mean performance in jumping post-activation (5.67 +/- 0.38 m) was higher than that without the use of previous CA (5.59 +/- 0.44 m), p = 0.02, g = 0.19. The use of DJs as a CA prior to the long jump promotes improvements in the performance of the jump, which can be explained by the increase in the take-off vertical velocity in the athletes.
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    Serotoninergic modulation in the brainstem and hypothalamus of female overnourished rats: impact on mitochondrial markers, oxidative stress and BDNF mRNA levels
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2025) Rodrigues, Thyago de Oliveira; dos Santos Junior, Osmar Henrique; Beltrao de Lemos, Maria Daniele Teixeira; de Sousa Fernandes, Matheus Santos; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Yagin, Burak; Das, Samarjit
    Introduction Obesity is a global epidemic identified by the World Health Organization, and its complexity involves genetic, cultural, socioeconomic, and behavioral factors.Methods In this study, we used female Wistar rats, with litters standardized to nine female pups, which were divided into two groups: normally nourished or overnourished. The groups were further subdivided into control and fluoxetine-treated groups, with the pharmacological treatment maintained until the 21st day of life. At 30 days of age, euthanasia was performed, and tissues from the hypothalamus and brainstem were collected.Results We observed an increase in body weight and the Lee index in the overnourished group, but fluoxetine treatment reduced these indices. Additionally, overnourished rats consumed more palatable food. Biochemically, NADH content in the hypothalamus was altered by overnutrition but restored by fluoxetine treatment. Citrate synthase activity was reduced in the overnourished group in the hypothalamus but increased in the brainstem of fluoxetine-treated rats. The production of reactive oxygen species was higher in the overnourished group, and oxidative stress biomarkers showed increased levels of MDA and protein carbonylation in these rats. Overnutrition impaired the antioxidant activity of enzymes in both the hypothalamus and brainstem, whereas fluoxetine treatment improved this activity. BDNF expression was higher in the fluoxetine-treated groups compared to the overnourished group.Discussion These results demonstrate the detrimental effects of maternal overnutrition on the development of female offspring and the therapeutic potential of serotonergic manipulation to mitigate the early effects of obesity, with tissue-specific variations.