Journal of Athletic Performance and Nutrition Collection
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Öğe The Effect of Shadow Badminton Trainings on Some the Motoric Features of Badminton Players(2017) YÜKSEL, Mehmet; AYDOS, LatifObjectives The purpose of this study is to research the impacts of 12-week shadow badminton trainings on some physical performance parameters of 8-10 age group of children. In addition to this, the aim is to contribute to the determination of the application frequency and duration of badminton trainings in the beginners of badminton sport by comparing training practices of shadow badminton and classical badminton. Methods Subjects of the research group have been divided into 3 groups as shadow badminton training group (SB, n= 35, 17 boys and 18 girls), classical badminton training group (CB, n= 34, 19 boys and 15 girls) and control group (CG, n= 32, 15 boys and 17 girls), who has not been involved in any physical activity during the study and it has been carried out on 101 subjects. SB and CB groups were trained 4 days a week for 16 weeks and as preparation and basic trainings period. After 4 weeks of preparation works, preliminary tests of all groups (SB-CB-CG) were carried out. After the preliminary tests, subjects of CB training group were applied classical badminton training program 4 days a week for 12 weeks, subjects of SB training group were applied 2 days classical badminton training and 2 days shadow badminton trainings in a week as during 12 weeks and 4-day training in a week. After 8 weeks, mid-term tests and after 12 weeks final tests were applied during basic training period. Results It was determined an improvement in physical performance parameters of subjects of both training group (SB-CB). In addition, statistically significant differences were found in the parameters of the subjects of SB group in terms of balance, 20 m speed, vertical jump, anaerobic power and maximum oxygen consumption capacity (p<0.05). Conclusions It has been concluded that shadow badminton trainings have positive effects on physical performance parameters of 8-10 age group of individuals and frequency and duration of the application may be considered sufficient.Öğe The Waist circumference in Turkish adults: 19 – 75 years age(2017) KAFKAS, Muhammed; ÇINARLI, Fahri Safa; YILMAZ, Nurkan; EKEN, Özgür; Kızılay, Fatma; KAYAPINAR, Murat; KAFKAS, ArmağanObjective: Waist circumference reference values can be vary among societies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the waist circumference values of Turkish adults people for 19-75 year. Material and Method: A total of 25.866 (11484 females and 14382 males) adult participants were recruited, grouped into categories of waist circumference in accordance with the World Health Organizasion cutoffs. Waist circumference was measured with a tape measure according to the recommendations of the World Health Organization. Results: It was found that waist circumference values varied at certain age ranges. Furthermore, there was a statistically significant relationship between the age variable and waist circumference values for male (r=.441) and female (r=.444) adults. It was determined that 87.91% of the male adults participating were to have normal values and 12.08% of them were to have higher risks of obesity related to the diseases, and 65.86% of female participants were to have normal values and 34.14% of them were to have had higher risk of obesity related diseases. Conclusions: The use waist circumference for the prediction of risk factor clustering among adults has significant clinical utility. These analyses should be continued in future studies in order to examine both health and reference values between societiesÖğe THE EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TRAINING ON SELECTED STRENGTH AND RESPIRATORY FUNCTION VARIABLES IN PRE-PUBERTAL CHILDREN(2017) ÇAKIR ATABEK, HayriyeObjectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of swimming training on selected strength and respiratory function variables in pre-pubertal children. Methods: Thirteen trained 7- to 10-year-old swimmers who were the members of the same college team and who trained for at least 6 months, 3 days a week volunteered to participate in this study. The values of investigated variables were compared with the values of the untrained group, matched for age and gender. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), and maximum voluntary ventilation (MVV) were measured to determine the respiratory function. The bio-motoric properties were evaluated by right and left handgrip isometric strength, and vertical jumping height. Results: Mean age, height, weight and BMI values were not significant different between groups (p > 0.05). The respiratory function (FVC, FEV1 and MVV values) and handgrip-right and handgrip-left values were not significant different between groups (p > 0.05). Additionally, SJ values were not different between groups (p > 0.05), but CMJ values were significantly different between groups with higher values in trained group (p = 0.012). Conclusion: There are studies that put forth the positive effects of exercise programs on the respiratory functions of individuals who have not yet completed their developments as well as studies that state the contrary. The findings of the current study demonstrated that there was a statistically significant difference only for CMJ performance in favor of trained children, and not for the other investigated variables. Training experience and age can explain this situation. A six-month training program appears to be inadequate for little pre-pubertal children to improve respiratory functions and strength properties.Öğe RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A NOVEL SOCCER SPECIFIC FIELD TEST(2017) Tunar, Mert; Cetinkaya, Caner; Gumus, Hikmet; Gencoglu, Celal; Unal, Belgin; Kayatekin, Berkant muammerThis study examined the validity and reliability of Soccer Specific Modified 1,5 Mile Run Test which is developed for present research and applied in soccer field. Forty-eight male athletes were participated in the study (32 soccer, 5 basketball, 4 volleyball and 7 handball players). Participants visit the laboratory once. Height, weight, body fat percentage and maximal oxygen uptake were measured during laboratory session. In the field, Soccer Specific Modified 1,5 Mile Run Test is performed two times with 2-7 days apart. Soccer players completed the field test in a shorter time, significantly (p<0,001). There is a significant, strong and positive correlations between maximal oxygen uptake and completion time Soccer Specific Modified 1,5 Mile Run test (r=0,83). There is a significant, strong and positive correlations between two field test both groups (r=0,91; r=0,87 respectively). The Soccer Specific Modified 1,5 Mile Run Test is a valid test for soccer player specifically and also a reliable test for both groups.Öğe EFFECT OF BALANCE TRAINING ON THROW HIT ACCURACY RATE AND PROPRIOCEPTION SENSE IN LAND PENTATHLETES(2016) COŞKUN, Serdar; PULUR, Atilla; ERDOĞAN, Murat; UZUN, AhmetPurpose of this study is investigating the effect of balance training on throw hit accuracy and body awareness (proprioception) in land pentathletes. The study group consisted of 20 male (military) Pentathlon athletes (age: 22,50 ± 3,8) and 20 university students (age: 20,10 ± 0,71) who exercised regularly in total the control group consists of 40 subjects who participated voluntarily. In the study, the tests were conducted before and after the 8 week balance training of the sportsmen. Balance trainings were applied after 3 days and 20 minutes and warm-up period per week. All statistical analyzes, significance and distribution tests, Mann Whitney U test and Wilcoxon signed rank test were used to test the significance of the difference between the difference scores of two related measurement sets. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in pre-test results applied in the study and in the final test results, the difference between the groups in the values of dual foot dynamic balance, dominant leg balance, hit shot position, dynamic balance and hit scores of 20-25 meters were statistically significant (p < 0.01). As a result; it can be said that equilibrium training applied to the land pentathletes positively improved the proprioception scores of the ankle and knee joints, and balance and accurate bombing exercises have positive effects on the performance of the Olympic bomb throwing hit accuracy.Öğe ACUTE EFFECT OF STATIC WARM UP DURATION ON 50 METER FREESTYLE AND BREASTSTROKE PERFORMANCE(2016) KAFKAS, Armağan; EKEN, Özgür; ÇINARLI, Safa; KAFKAS, MuhammedThe purpose of this study was to determine the acute effect of different static warm up durations on sub-elite female swimmers on 50 m free and breaststroke swimming performance. Ten sub-elite women swimmers (age 22.46 ± 2.64 years, body height 163,4 ± 4.27 cm, body weight 56.39±9.72 kg, BMI 21.09±3.27 kg/m2 and BFP 21.77±8.06 %) were assigned randomly to 3 different warm-up protocols on non-consecutive days. The warm-up protocols consisted of only 5 minutes of jogging (WS), 5 minutes of jogging and 30 seconds static warm up (30-SS), 5 minutes of jogging and 60 seconds static warm up (60-SS). Following each morning (10.00) warm-up session, participants were tested on the 50 m freestyle and breaststroke swimming performance. Warm up protocols (WS, 30-SS and 60-SS) were compared by repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVA). Based on the results of this study, it was found that there are significant differences between warm up I (no war up) and SS-30, SS-60 on freestyle and breaststroke swimming performance (freestyle p=.000, .014 and breaststroke p=.005, .000 respectively). When the 30-seconds and 60-second warm-up protocols were compared with eachother, a statistically significant difference was found in favor of the 30 seconds warm-up protocol in freestyle and breaststroke 50 m swimming performance (p = .001, .003). Therefore, swimmers shouldn’t prepare with static warm up protocols before 50 m freestyle and breaststroke swimming competition. However, there is still a need for studies investigating the effect of different types of warm up protocols on different distance swimming performance scores in the future.Öğe Postural Control of The Elite Deaf Football Players(2015) Atalay Güzel, Nevin; Çınar Medeni, Özge; Acak, Mahmut; Savaş, SeyfiObjectives: Childhood hearing impairment is a common chronic condition that may have a major impact on postural control. The aim of this study was to determine the postural control of the elite deaf football players and compare normal-hearing football players and sedentary deaf controls. Eighteen deaf football players, ten deaf sedentary controls, ten normal-hearing sedentary controls were included in study. Methods: Postural stability was assessed both on bilateral stance and on single-limb stance with Biodex-Balance System on static surface, in eyes-open condition. Limits of stability testing were performed on bilateral stance. Results: Statistically significant results were found in medial-lateral index (MLI) score of dominant and non-dominant legs among three groups respectively (p=0.027, p=0.045). In limits of stability testing significant differences were found for overall direction (p=0.008) and right direction (p=0.017) among three groups. There was a significant difference in MLI score of non-dominant leg (p=0.012) and in right direction of limits of stability test (p=0.016) between deaf athletes and deaf controls. Also there were significant differences found in MLI score of dominant legs (p=0.023) and overall (p<0.001) and right (p=0.008) direction of limits of stability test between deaf controls and healthy controlsÖğe Comparing Selected Physical, Physiological and Technical Characteristics of a Group of Turkish Amateur Soccer Players According to Playing Positions(2015) Aslan, CemObjectives: The aim of this study was to determine differences in physical, physiological and soccer skills characteristics of a group of Turkish amateur soccer players according to their playing positions. Methods: 23 amateur male soccer players of a team participated voluntarily to the study. Participants were divided into 3 groups according to their playing position. Participant’s age, body weight and height, body fat percentage, fat free mass, aerobic capacity, anaerobic power, speed, leg strength, hand grip, vertical jump, flexibility and soccer skills capacities were measured. Obtained values were compared statistically by using SPSS (ver. 16) with the help of ANOVA and Tukey test was used to identify which groups had significant differences. Alpha level was set as 0,05 for statistical significance. Results: ANOVA results showed that there weren’t any significant differences (p>0,05) among groups at the point of physical, physiological and technical values except for right hand grip strength. Conclusion: Physical, physiological and technical characteristics of all players who play different positions were same but only forwards were stronger than midfielders in the right hand grip strength.Öğe Comparing The Physical and Selected Basic Motoric Properties Of Sportsmen In Racket Sports(2015) ATAR, Özdemir; KOÇ, HürmüzThe objective of this study was to compare the physical and selected basic motoric properties of sportsmen in racket sports. The study group consisted of 14 tennis and 12 badminton students who received education in the Department of Coaching Training of Erciyes University School of Physical Education and Sports and participated in the study voluntarily. The volunteers who participated in the study were measured in terms of length, weight, body mass index, static and dynamic balance, hand and foot reaction, vertical jump, anaerobic power, hand grip strength, speed, agility and flexibility. The data were recorded with the SPSS 16.0 package software. One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for the normal distribution of the data. Independent samples t-test was used in inter-branch comparisons. P<0.05 value was accepted to be significant. We determined no significant differences between the age, length, weight, body mass index, dynamic balance, foot reaction, vertical jump, anaerobic power, hand grip strength and agility parameters of volunteers who participated in the study (p>0,05) and significant differences between the static balance, hand reaction, flexibility and speed parameters (p<0,05) As a consequence, we observed similarities between some of the physical and selected basic motoric properties of tennis and badminton sportsmen. Physical and motoric properties that do not show similarities are thought to be caused by different field measurements in tennis and badminton sports, as well as the different materials being used.Öğe THE TRADITIONAL SPORT OF TURKS: AN EVALUATION OF HYDRATION KNOWLEDGE OF OIL WRESTLERS(2015) YARAR, Hakan; Eskici, Günay; YAVUZ, AlişanThis study aimed at evaluating the level of knowledge of oil wrestlers about fluid intake and hydration. The study covered a total of 188 licensed male athletes. The athletes were given a questionnaire in a face to face interview. The 17-item questionnaire contained some personal questions as well as questions that athletes can give answers as true or false in order to assess their level of knowledge about hydration. In statistical analysis of data, SPSS was used, and frequency analysis and arithmetic average values were calculated and t test was used for relevant measurements. The amount of water consumed by athletes during the day of competition was found to be about 4.18±0.96 L/day. A significant difference was observed in water consumptions of athletes according to the answers given to the question: “Athletes should begin each training session or competition well hydrated” (p<0.05). The amount of water that athletes who answered “true” to this question stated consuming during the day of competition is higher than that of the athletes answered “false” to the question. Majority of athletes (62.8%) stated that they did not receive any information from anyone concerning fluid intake while 19.1% expressed they consult to their trainers and 6.4% to their friends. It was found that athletes gave correct answers to 70.6% of all information questions, nevertheless they had a lack of knowledge concerning the methods they apply in determining their sports drinks (questions: 12, 13 and 14) and hydration situations (questions: 1 and 3). In oil wrestling, fluid loss becomes more and more important as competition time extends and the competitions take place outdoors in hot and humid environments. This study displayed that oil wrestlers did not have an insufficient level of knowledge about fluid intake. Nevertheless, they had some shortcomings about sports drinks and receiving information and knowledge from reliable sources.Öğe HEALTH PROMOTING BEHAVIOURS OF SUB-ELITE ATHLETES(2015) Pepe, Osman; ATAR, Özdemir; KOÇ, MustafaThe aim of the study is to determine the health promoting behaviour levels of sub-elite athletes. In this study, 68 male and 81 female totally 149 sub-elite athletes which were participated to the games of Turkish University Sport Federation, organized in Kayseri city, were participated volunteerly. Socio-demographic data form which included 3 personal question and “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II” were applied to volunteers. Statistical analysis were done by IBM SPSS 16.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) package program. The t-test for comparison between two independent groups and ANOVA for analysis of more than two groups were used. Post Hoc Tukey test was used to find the statistical difference among groups. The level of statistical error was 0.05. When “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II” total point and the sub-dimensions of the “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II” analyzed according to gender, statistically meaningful difference was found at physical activity parameter (p<0.05) but meaningful difference was not found at the healthy responsibility, spiritual growth, interpersonal relations, stress management, nutrition and “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II” total point (p>0.05). When “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II” total point and the sub-dimensions of the “Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II” analyzed according to sport type and age, statistically significance was not observed (p>0.05). In conclusion, It was so clear that there were no studies about health promoting behaviours of athletes. According to our findings, Turkish athletes needed to be informed about healthy promoting behaviors by coaches, universities and other health organizations. It was thought further studies needed to do about healthy promoting behaviors of different athlete groups.Öğe The investigation of efficiency of lactic acid elimination training on elite wrestlers done on the same day after intense strength training(2014) YAVUZ, Alişan; Kılınç, FatihObjective; The purpose of this study is to examine effectiveness of wrestelers' recovery and regeneration process on the following day of the intensive training in terms of accelarating the elemination of lactic acid (sweat training). Desing and Method; Twenty (n:20) elite athletes voluntarily participated in research. Two groups were formed as elimination (n:10) one and control (n:10) one. The average age of the elimination group was 19.7±1.2 years, the average sport age 7.4±2.5 years, height 1.77±0.1 cm., body weight 82.2±9.6 kg. The average age of the control group was 20.5±1.3 years, the average sport age 8.6±2.2 years, height 1.72±0.1 cm, body weight 72.4±12.2 kg. In research, before training and after, the data of lactic acid, (passive) rest and (active) maximal pulse were taken. Results; While the values of the elimination and control groups were compared, a significant difference was statistically found among the values of lactic acid before training, the rest (passive) pulse before training (p<0.05). Conclusion;Based on the data acquired, in the result of our study, it is determined that the reference values that the athletes, who perform lactic acid elimination training in wrestling, will be able to use in the future. We consider that it would be useful to perform additionally lactic acid training for the athletes who perform an intense wrestling training.Öğe The effects of different exercise programs on knee muscle strength and H:Q ratios of sedentary males and females(2014) KAFKAS, Muhammed; DURMUŞ, Bekir; KAFKAS, Armağan; AÇAK, Mahmut; AYDIN, AbdulkadirObjectives: Knee muscle strength is highly important for both sedentary and athletic people. For the reasons of both rehabilitation of injuries and performance development, strength is regarded as one of the most important elements of sports. The present study aims to determine the effect of different exercise protocols on knee muscle strength and H:Q ratios of young sedentary males and females. Methods: A total of 115 healthy and sedentary people 62 males (23.10±4.50 years, 71.90±8.90 kg and 177.80±10.30 cm) and 53 females (22.10±5.30 years, 54.40±6.90 kg and 166.60±6.00 cm) voluntarily consented to take part in the study. Participants were divided into randomly four separate groups according to exercise types (control, pilates, cardio, resistance exercises groups). Resistance exercise movements were made within 60% of 1-RM for each subject over 3 days during a week with 3 sets of 10-12 repetitions. CEG exercises were performed on a treadmill for 45 minutes over 3 days in a week with a 60% overloading rate. Pilates exercises were performed for 45 minutes over 3 days during a week under the supervision of a coach. Pilates exercises were divided into three different parts: (1) mat exercises (4 weeks), (2) Thera-band plastic resistance exercises (4 weeks) and, finally, pilates ball exercises at a beginner level (4 weeks). Results: There were significant differences between the pre- and post-exercises of knee muscle strength for REG, CEG and PEG after 12 weeks both gender and legs (p<0.05). Measures of muscle strength in both leg elicited substantial side differences in both flexor and extensor muscle strength. On average the female participants showed a 12.1% weaker flexor muscle strength (52.1±12.7 vs. 45.3±11.9 Nm, p<0.05) and a 6.7% stronger extensor muscle strength in the dominant leg (120.3±24.7 vs. 112.2±25.8 Nm, p=0.036). These data converted into H:Q ratios indicates that the knee H:Q ratio of dominant leg was 41.3±6.5% as compared with 38.6±6.9% (p>0.05) in the non-dominant leg.Öğe Comparison of the Motoric Features of 10-12 Years Age Female Volleyball Players with Their Technical Capacities(2014) ELER, Nebahat; ZORBA, Erdal; SAVAS, SeyfiObjectives: The target of this study is the determination of the effect of 8 week strength exercise upon the technical and the motoric capacities of 11-12 years of age female players and elucidates the correlation between the technical and the motoric features if these are any. Design: This study was conducted by 36 female volleyball players who played volleyball actively in school and club competitions in 2011-2012 seasons on voluntary basis. The participants were separated as 18 member experimental group with an average age of 11.6±0.5 years, an average height of 163.5±9.6 cm, an average body length of 53.5±8.8 kg and an average experience of 18.1±5.1 months and a 18 member control with an average age of 11.6±0.5 years, an average length of 163.8±6.8 cm, an average body weight of 54.0±5.07 kg and an average experience of 18.0±10.0 months. Methods: The motoric features were measured by the shuttle moves, push-ups, vertical and long jumps from the static situation and the technical capacities were found by the systems measuring the accuracy of the finger passes, digging passes and serves. After the determination of the initial values, the experimental group was subjected to a 1 hour fifteen minutes a day, three days a week 8 week strength exercise. Results: There was a statistically significant increase between all the motoric and technical capacities of the experimental group after eight week power program (p<0.05). However there was not a statistically significant change in the control group (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant correlation between the pre and post test evaluation of the motoric and the technical features of the experimental group (p<0.05). However there was no statistically significant difference between the values of the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: The experimental group in this study which was subjected to both technical and strength program showed statistically significant improvements in both their technical and motoric capacities.Öğe The Effect of 6-Month Fundamental Soccer Training on Body Composition, Soccer Skill and Biomotor Abilities of Aged 10-12 Sedentary Male Children(2014) GÜLLÜ, ABDULLAH; GÜLLÜ, Esin; AKÇINAR, Faruk; GÜLLÜ, Mehmet; ÇİÇEK, GünerObjectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 months fundamental soccer training program on body composition, soccer skill and biomotor abilities of sedentary young men who were aged 10-12 years. Materials and methods: Thirty and six healthy sedentary male children who were aged 10-12 years participated voluntarily in this research. Participants were equally distributed into three different age groups, according to age level. Fundamental soccer exercises were applied to all groups in an hour for a day in a week for duration of 6 months. Participants’ stature, body mass (BM), percentage of body fat (%BF), body mass index (BMI), 30-meter sprint (30mS), Illinois agility (IA), shoot to goal (SG) and ball control with the body (BC) tests were measured and compared according to age groups before and after the 6 months of soccer training program. Results: At the end of pre and post-test results of three age groups, there were significant improvements between the average parameters of stature, BM, BMI, %BF, 30mS run, IA, SG and BC (p<0.05). Due to increase of 12-age group's stature was much more than other age groups (F2,33=18.52, P<0.05), significant improvements in BM values were observed in favour of 12 years age group (F2,33=6.01, p<0.05). It was found at moderate level of correlation (pre-test: r=0.62, post-test: r=0.57) between the IA and 30mS test. The 30mS sprint time in 10-age group had significant improvements compared to other age groups (F2,33=13.60, p<0.05). Although the development of the SG and BC parameters of 12-age group were more higher compared to other age groups, there was no significant relation between them (p> 0.05). Conclusion: After the 6-month fundamental soccer training program, age factors had an impact on the parameters of body composition, soccer skill and motor abilities. Due to significant increase of body composition values in the higher age groups, the significant improvement of sprint time was observed in favour of the lower age group. It was found at moderate level of correlation between the IA and 30mS test. Hence, the relations between them were lower than expected. The obtained data as a result of fundamental soccer training can keep the important lights especially to the infrastructure trainers, and thus can make a major contribution to the growth of soccer players in higher ability in the future.Öğe General Anthropometric and Selected Motor Skills of Elite Young Male Basketball Players According to Position on the Court of Players(2014) EROL, Emre; ÖZEN, Gökmen; KOÇ, HürmüzPhysical attributes and physiological performance are important in determining success in basketball. Despite the significance of physical fitness features of young basketball players, they are poorly evaluated. Thus, in the present study, we compared the anthropometric, physiological and motor characteristics of elite young basketball players for three basic playing types of players and the relationship between these parameters. The research was done on the sample of 30 (10 centers, 10 forwards, 10 guards) elite young male basketball players, ranging in age from 13 to 14 from candidates for Turkish U15 national team squad. This study included anthropometric measurements and physical fitness tests. This study showed that a significant difference was found for body height, body weight, body mass index, arm length, leg length, hand length, upper body length, arm span, hand width, body fat free mass and anaerobic power at the p<.05 level for the three groups. This study provided a brief screening for profiles and attributes of elite young male basketball players for three playing potions. The main finding of this research was that guards were significantly smaller and lighter than forwards and centers, but these differences were more than in previous researches.
