Geleneksel Diyarbakır Evlerinde toplumsal yapıya bağlı gelişen fiziki değişimler
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2017
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Öz:Anadolu'nun tarihi bir kenti olan Diyarbakır en az beş bin yıllık geçmişiyle, farklı dönemlerde farklı medeniyetlerin yerleşim alanı olarak tarihte yerini almıştır. Diyarbakır Sur içi tarihi dokusu geçirdiği dönemlerin; kültürel, sosyal, ekonomik ve siyasal yaşamının oluşturduğu fiziksel yapıyı 1950'li yıllara kadar korumuştur. Diyarbakır kenti 1950'li yıllardan sonra nüfus artışı ve çarpık kentleşmenin etkisi ile de; sosyal ve mekânsal yapısının özgün niteliğini yitirmeye başlamıştır. 1950'li yıllarda kentte ana aks olarak nitelenen Gazi Caddesi ve İnönü Caddesi üzerinde geleneksel konutların yıkımı ile ticaret aksı oluşturulmuştur. 1980'li yıllarda göç daha da artmış yeni bir nazım imar planı hazırlanmıştır. 1988 yılında Sur İçi "Kentsel Sit Alanı" olarak ilan edilmiş, 1990 yıllarında kent aşırı göç almış ve bu dönemde Sur içinde en fazla fiziksel değişim yaşanmıştır. Sur dışındaki yeni yapılan konutların konfor açısından cazip gelmesiyle eski mülk sahiplerinin terk ettiği geleneksel evler göç ile gelen grupların tercih ettiği yerler olmuştur. Sur içindeki niteliksiz yeni yapılaşmalar ise tarihi dokuyu bozmakta, kimliksiz görüntülerin oluşmasına neden olmuştur. Mülk sahiplerinin geleneksel evleri terk etmesi sonucu bu alanlarda oluşan sosyal ve mekânsal değişim ile bu bölgeler sosyal çöküntü bölgesi niteliği kazanmıştır. Tarihi yapılar, kültürel mirasımızı oluşturan, fiziksel çevreyi biçimlendiren ve toplumların kültürel, siyasal, sosyal ve ekonomik yapısı kadar gelişmişlik düzeylerinin de göstergesidir. Sosyal yapının ve toplumsal yaşamın biçimlendirdiği yapılar süreç içerisinde yaşam biçimindeki değişikliklerden etkilenmektedir. Bu durumda günümüz konfor koşullarının sağlanması neredeyse olanaksızlaşmakta ve özgün işlevini yitirmesine neden olan geleneksel yapıların korunmasını ve yaşatılmasını güçleştirmektedir. Bu çalışma, Diyarbakır Sur içi tarihi dokusundaki geleneksel evlerinin, 1950'li yıllardan sonra başlayan ve günümüze kadar devam eden fiziksel değişimlerinin bugünkü durumunun aktarılması amacıyla yapılmıştır
Abstract:Diyarbakir, which has a history of at least five thousand years, has taken its place in history as the settlement area of different civilizations at different periods. Being a historical city of Anatolia it has a historical settlement texture that covers cultural values. The history of the city walls with its cultural, social, economic and political life, continued until the 1950s. The population of city increased after 1950 years and the effect of the distorted urbanization; social and spatial structure. In the 1950s, the trade street was created with the destruction of traditional houses on Gazi Street and Inonu Street, which are described as the main axes in the city. In the 1980s, a new master planning was prepared for a further increase in migration. In 1988, it was declared as "Urban Protected Area" within the city. In 1990, the city received excessive immigration and the most physical change occurred in the city during this period. With the new residential buildings outside the city being attractive for comfort, traditional residences abandoned by former property owners have become places preferred by immigrant groups. Unqualified new constructions in the city ruin the historical texture and reveal images without identity. As a result of the abandonment of traditional houses by the owners, social and spatial changes in these areas have caused them to become squatters and social depression zones. Historical structures that make up our cultural heritage, contributing to the shaping of the physical environment, and the degree of preservation of the tactile formed by these structures, are also indicators of the social, political, cultural and economic character of the societies. Structures formed by social life and structure are affected by changes in the way of life in the process. This interaction makes it difficult to maintain and the traditional structures that have lost their original function, which seems almost impossible to achieve today's comfort conditions and usability. New users of traditional houses are socioeconomically depressed. These houses are not going to be cared for. It is necessary to raise awareness and help of these people who are not aware that houses having historical and cultural value should be protected. The changes that the group of migrants made in line with their needs have been damaged by splitting, adding space or lifting. The fact that the buildings are respectful to the original architecture and that they can be used in solutions and functions that are harmonious and non-abrasive in terms of material, technique and usage will show parallelism for every step taken as protection. This study was carried out in order to transfer the present situation of the physical change of the traditional houses of Diyarbakır Suriçi in the beginning of the 1950s. For the continuity of life in traditional houses, the principle of using and protecting the user's needs and wishes must be adopted.
Abstract:Diyarbakir, which has a history of at least five thousand years, has taken its place in history as the settlement area of different civilizations at different periods. Being a historical city of Anatolia it has a historical settlement texture that covers cultural values. The history of the city walls with its cultural, social, economic and political life, continued until the 1950s. The population of city increased after 1950 years and the effect of the distorted urbanization; social and spatial structure. In the 1950s, the trade street was created with the destruction of traditional houses on Gazi Street and Inonu Street, which are described as the main axes in the city. In the 1980s, a new master planning was prepared for a further increase in migration. In 1988, it was declared as "Urban Protected Area" within the city. In 1990, the city received excessive immigration and the most physical change occurred in the city during this period. With the new residential buildings outside the city being attractive for comfort, traditional residences abandoned by former property owners have become places preferred by immigrant groups. Unqualified new constructions in the city ruin the historical texture and reveal images without identity. As a result of the abandonment of traditional houses by the owners, social and spatial changes in these areas have caused them to become squatters and social depression zones. Historical structures that make up our cultural heritage, contributing to the shaping of the physical environment, and the degree of preservation of the tactile formed by these structures, are also indicators of the social, political, cultural and economic character of the societies. Structures formed by social life and structure are affected by changes in the way of life in the process. This interaction makes it difficult to maintain and the traditional structures that have lost their original function, which seems almost impossible to achieve today's comfort conditions and usability. New users of traditional houses are socioeconomically depressed. These houses are not going to be cared for. It is necessary to raise awareness and help of these people who are not aware that houses having historical and cultural value should be protected. The changes that the group of migrants made in line with their needs have been damaged by splitting, adding space or lifting. The fact that the buildings are respectful to the original architecture and that they can be used in solutions and functions that are harmonious and non-abrasive in terms of material, technique and usage will show parallelism for every step taken as protection. This study was carried out in order to transfer the present situation of the physical change of the traditional houses of Diyarbakır Suriçi in the beginning of the 1950s. For the continuity of life in traditional houses, the principle of using and protecting the user's needs and wishes must be adopted.
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Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi
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Künye
ÖZYILMAZ H (2017). Geleneksel Diyarbakır Evlerinde toplumsal yapıya bağlı gelişen fiziki değişimler. Dicle Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Mühendislik Dergisi, 8(2), 371 - 381.
