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Öğe Biotechnology applications in clinical trials(Elsevier, 2022) Büyükköroğlu G.; Şenel B.; Şalva E.; Çalışkan B.It is known that genetic factors, living conditions, and dietary habits affect a person's life expectancy and quality. Changes in these factors can lead to deterioration of health and pathogeny. Although the causes of the disease cannot be eliminated, different methods have been developed to fight the disease. The advancement of biotechnology has allowed the development of drugs, which are synthetic or biological origin medicinal products. Biological medicinal products are defined as products derived from living organisms or containing their components. In these products, it is aimed to bring functions to the cell by manipulation of genetic material. Advanced and innovative methodologies used in genomics, pharmaceuticals, DNA sequencing, cell culture, interference RNA and genome editing, gene sequencing, stem cells for regenerative medicine, tissue engineering play an important role to understand and develop the medical biotechnology. These biological products include proteins that act on different proteins and cellular processes in the body, genes that control the production of vital proteins, cells that produce substances necessary to suppress or activate immune system elements. This chapter provides a basic overview of the latest developments in clinical trials from samples of different classes of biotechnological products such as nonviral/viral gene therapy and peptide/protein-based drugs. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Characteristics of Marketed Nanopharmaceutics(Taylor and Francis, 2021) Şalva E.; Tonbul H.This chapter discusses different types of nanopharmaceuticals and their current marketed status. With the development of nanotechnology and nanoscience in every branch of science in recent years and their merging with medicine gave rise to the nanopharmaceutical concept and colloidal dispersion systems re-emerged as nanopharmaceuticals. Nanopharmaceutics are new therapeutics that are developing rapidly with advances in nanotechnology and pharmaceutical sciences. Clinical trials are being conducted on many nanopharmaceuticals, and some of them are already on the market. Lipid-based and liposomal nanopharmaceutics are preferred as carrier systems for many conventional drugs, especially for drugs that are poorly soluble and highly toxic. Crystalline nanoparticles are important in drug delivery because of their properties such as their nanosize, 100% drug component composition, a large surface area for dissolution, and the ability to provide an extended release profile for poorly soluble drugs. The majority of the nanopharmaceutical market revenue comes from therapeutics, including drugs, devices, and drug delivery systems. © 2022 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.