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Öğe The clinical effects of somatotype difference on isokinetic knee muscle strength and dynamic balance scores(Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2018) Şenol D.; Özbağ D.; Kafkas M.E.; Açak M.; Baysal Ö.; Kafkas A.Ş.; Taşkıran C.Objectives: The aim of this study was to present the somatotype features of young individuals without any symptoms and to identify whether isokinetic knee muscle strength and dynamic balance scores are affected by somatotype difference. Patients and methods: A total of 146 participants (88 males, 58 females; mean age 22.5±1.9 years; range 19 to 28 years) who had no symptoms were included in this study. Somatotypes of the participants were calculated using the Heath-Carter formula, and anthropometric measurements were taken from each participant. Knee flexion and extension muscle strengths at angular speeds of 90°/sec, 120°/sec and 150°/ sec were measured from the dominant and non-dominant limbs of the participants. Total balance, anterior/posterior balance, and medial/ lateral measurements were made to evaluate dynamic balance performances. Results: Six different somatotypes were found. Endomorphic mesomorph was the most common somatotype in 56 participants. There was no significant somatotype difference in men and women for dominant and non-dominant knee extension and flexion peak strength values at angular speeds of 90°/sec, 120°/sec and 150°/sec (p>0.05). No significant difference was found between the balance scores of men and women who had different somatotypes (p>0.05). Conclusion: Anatomic structure of the body, which is suitable for the sports branch, has an increasing effect on performance. © 2018 by Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.Öğe Effects of a tennis toumament on players' band grip strength, pressure pain threshold and visual analogue scale(Edizioni Minerva Medica, 2014) Kafkas A.Š.; Kafkas M.E.; Durmuş B.; Açak M.Aim: Tennis is one of the most popular global sports. It is considerably important both as an international toumament and one of the Olympics games around world. The requirements of a tennis toumament are high, both mentally and physiologically. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes both of hand grip strength and pain pressure threshold values during toumament among amateur tennis players. Methods: The study involved two tennis groups. The first comprised 25 females (age 24.35±5.42 years, height 167.74±7.10 cm, weight 59.25±7.80 kg) and the second included 34 males (age 25.10±6.05 years, height 174.50±10.63 cm and weight 69.40±12.50 kg). Results: Pain pressure threshold and hand grip strength values were significantly different. Lateral epicondyle, deltoid and trapezius values were significantly lower after every match day compared with the first day of the toumament (P<0.05). Both female and male tennis groups' lateral epicondyle, trapezius, and deltoid values reduced significantly after the second, third, and forth day compared with the values of the first day of the toumament. Also, hand grip strength values significantly decreased after the second, third, and fourth day of female tennis group and decreased the third and fourth day of male tennis group (P<0.05). As a result, this research found a decreased sensitivity level of pain pressure threshold, hand grip strength and an increased level of visual analogue scale during consecutive toumament days. In terms of both pain pressure threshold and hand grip strength, values adversely affected from such toumament sports organizations. These tournaments have a busy schedule that may adversely affects the values of the upper extremity pain pressure threshold (lateral epicondyle, deltoid, supraspinatus, and trapezius). Therefore, especially during these tournaments tennis players should be careful.Öğe Examination of anxiety levels of sportsmen with physical disabilities(2011) Acet M.; Karademir T.; Koç H.; Açak M.; Kizilet A.The aim of this study is to determine state and trait anxiety levels of sportsmen with physical disabilities according to their sports branch and disability categories; and to determine whether they differ according to socio-demographic variables. The research included 120 sportsmen with physical disabilities, whose average ages were 30 ± 1.23 years. A socio-demographic data form and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 15.0). Both anxiety levels varied significantly (P<0.05) according to age and income level of the sample group and significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in educational level, income level and self-description in social life. No significant difference was observed in between either of the anxiety levels and participants' marital status, sports branch or disability category (p>0.05). In conclusion, while state anxiety levels of sportsmen with physical disabilities differ according to their age and income levels, their trait anxiety levels differ according to their income levels, personal characteristics like nervousness or irritability. It should be remembered that this state varies between individuals. Consequently, a high level of anxiety affects sportsmen negatively. Therefore, trainers and managers should demonstrate distinctive approaches to each sportsman, considering individual differences in their anxiety levels. © IDOSI Publications, 2011.Öğe Investigation of the effects of football on life skills of individuals(Horizon Research Publishing, 2019) Kurak K.; Açak M.This study aims to investigate how football, which is the most popular sport today, affects the life skills of individuals who participate in football activities. The participants in the study were between 12 to 17 years old and those who participated in training for at least two years were chosen. As the measurement tool, the unique form Life Skills Scale for Sport was used with the aim of evaluating the life skills gained through sports. For two-sample comparisons, Mann Whitney U test was used; while for multiple-sample comparisons, Kruskal Wallis H test was utilized. In the multiple sample comparisons, Mann Whitney U test, which is used for non-parametric data, was used to determine the source of the difference. In the study, the level of significance was regarded as p<0.05. Depending on the variables of age, the period of doing sports and playing continuously in a football team of the study group, it was determined that the study group developed skills for time management, communication, leadership, teamwork, social skills and goal setting, which are subscales of the life skills for sport. Emotional skills were determined to be not statistically significant. © 2019 by authors, all rights reserved.Öğe Trainer evaluation scale for hearing impaired athletes(2011) Açak M.; Karademir T.This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to determine trainer evaluation level of hearing impaired athletes. Researchers reported that the characteristics of a trainer were equally important as the athlete's. This aims a "Trainer Evaluation Form for Hearing Impaired" was prepared. The form was administered to a total of 221 hearing impaired athletes, 172 (77.8%) of whom were male and 49 (22.2%) of whom were female. Average age of the group was 24.40. In conclusion, data analysis indicated that the trainer evaluation scale for hearing impaired athletes, which consisted of 12 items, had a three-factor (technical, competition and social) structure and was provided valid and reliable evaluation of trainers by hearing impaired athletes. Trainers, who are role models for athletes, have an important role in displaying sportsman like conduct. In addition, evaluation of trainers by hearing-impaired athletes is of great importance in terms of illustrating the trainer-athlete relationships and determining appropriate behavior styles. © IDOSI Publications, 2011.
