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Öğe 1,3-Bis(2-thienylmethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium trichlorido(?6-p-cymene) ruthenate(II)(Int Union Crystallography, 2009) Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Ozdemir, Ismail; Gurbuz, Nevin; Gok, Yetkin; Cetinkaya, BekirThe asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C13H15N2S2)-[RuCl3(C10H14)], contains a 1,3-(2-thienylmethyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium cation and a trichlorido(eta(6)-p-cymene)ruthenate(II) anion. The thiophene rings of the cation are disordered by an 180 degrees rotation about the thiophene-CH2 bonds with occupancies of 0.847 (5)/0.153 (5) and 0.700 (5)/0.300 (5), respectively. The Ru atom exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination with the benzene ring of the p-cymene ligand formally occupying three sites and three Cl atoms occupying the other three sites. The short C-N bond lengths in the imidazoline ring indicate partial electron delocalization within the N-C-N fragment. Cation and anions are connected through five intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot Cl hydrogen bonds and one C-H center dot center dot center dot pi hydrogen bond, forming a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded network.Öğe 1,3-Bis(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazolium chloride monohydrate(Int Union Crystallography, 2009) Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Yasar, Sedat; Ozdemir, Ismail; Cetinkaya, BekirIn the title compound, C25H35N2+center dot Cl-center dot H2O,the imidazolidine ring adopts a twisted conformation, with a pseudo-twofold axis passing through the N-C-N carbon and the opposite C-C bond. The N-C-N fragment of the imidazolidine ring shows some degree of both double- and single-bond character due to partial electron delocalization. One of the tert-butyl groups is disordered over two conformations with occupancies of 0.714 (8) and 0.286 (8). In the crystal, O-H center dot center dot center dot Cl and C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds help to establish the packing.Öğe 1,3-Bis(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium trichlorido(?6-p-cymene)ruthenate(II)(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Ozdemir, Ismail; Gurbuz, Nevin; Gok, Yetkin; Cetinkaya, BekirThe asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C14H17N2S2)-[Ru(C10H14)Cl-3], contains a 1,3-bis(thiophen-2-ylmethyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium cation and a trichlorido(eta(6)-p-cymene) ruthenate(II) anion. The Ru atom exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination with the benzene ring of the p-cymene ligand formally occupying three sites and three chloride atoms occupying the other three sites. The N-C bond lengths of the N-C-N unit of the pyrimidinium cation are shorter than the average single C-N bond length of 1.48 angstrom, thus showing double-bond character, indicating a partial electron delocalization within the N-C-N fragment. The pyrimidine ring has an envelope conformation. Four intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot Cl hydrogen bonds generate a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded framework.Öğe 1,3-Bis[4-(dimethylamino)benzyl]-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-1,3-diazepan-2-ium chloride(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Gok, Yetkin; Ozdemir, Ismail; Cetinkaya, BekirThe title N-heterocyclic carbene derivative, C23H33N4+center dot Cl-, has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, H-1 and C-13 NMR, IR spectroscopy and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Ions of the title compound are linked by three C-H center dot center dot center dot Cl interactions. The seven-membered 1,3-diazepane ring has a form intermediate between twist-chair and twist-boat.Öğe 1-(1H-Benzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)-3-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl]-1H-benzimidazolium bromide 0.25-hydrate(Int Union Crystallography, 2009) Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Demir, Serpil; Ozdemir, Ismail; Cetinkaya, BekirThe title N-heterocyclic carbene derivative, C23H30N5+center dot Br-center dot 0.25H(2)O, was synthesized using microwave heating and was characterized by H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The structure of the title compound are stabilized by a network of intra-and intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot Br hydrogen-bonding interactions. The crystal structure is further stabilized by pi-pi stacking interactions between benzene and imidazole fragment rings of parallel benzo[d] imidazole rings, with a separation of 3.486 (3) angstrom between the centroids of the benzene and imidazole rings. There is also an intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot pi interaction in the crystal structure. The C-N bond lengths for the central benzimidazole ring are shorter than the average single C-N bond, thus showing varying degrees of double-bond character and indicating partial electron delocalization within the C-N-C-N-C fragment. The isopropyl group is disordered over two sites with occupancies of 0.792 (10) and 0.208 (10).Öğe 1-(2-Phenylbenzyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)imidazolidinium bromide(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc, 2009) Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Yasar, Sedat; Ozdemir, Smail; Cetinkaya, BekirIn the title salt, C(26)H(29)N(2)(+)center dot Br(-),which may serve as a precursor for N-heterocyclic carbenes, the imidazolidine ring adopts a twist conformation with a pseudo-twofold axis passing through the N-C-N carbon and the opposite C-C bond. The N-C-N bond angle [113.0 (4)degrees] and C-N bond lengths [1.313 (6) and 1.305 (6) angstrom] confirm the existence of strong resonance in this part of the molecule. In the crystal, a C-H center dot center dot center dot Br interaction is present. The dihedral angle between the biphenyl rings is 64.3 (2)degrees and the phenyl rings make angles of 76.6 (3) and 18.5 (3)degrees with the plane of the imidazolidine ring.Öğe 1-(4-tert-Butylbenzyl)-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)benzimidazolium bromide monohydrate(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc, 2009) Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Demir, Serpil; Ozdemir, Ismail; Cetinkaya, BekirA novel N-heterocyclic carbene derivative, C(28)H(33)N(2)O(3)(+)center dot-Br(-)center dot H(2)O, was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, (1)H and (13)C-NMR and IR spectroscopy and a single-crystal X- ray diffraction study. Ions of the title compound are linked by pi center dot center dot center dot pi stacking interactions (face-face separation 3.441 angstrom) and C-H center dot center dot center dot Br and O-H center dot center dot center dot Br interactions. Intra- and intermolecular C-H center dot center dot center dot O interactions are also present. The C-N bond lengths for the compound [1.329 (3), 1.325 (3), 1.389 (3) and 1.391 (3) angstrom] are all shorter than the average single C-N bond length of 1.48 angstrom, thus showing varying degrees of double-bond character.Öğe Active ruthenium(II)-NHC complexes for alkylation of amines with alcohols using solvent-free conditions(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2020) Yigit, Beyhan; Karaca, Emine Ozge; Yigit, Murat; Gurbuz, Nevin; Arslan, Hakan; Ozdemir, IsmailA series of new ruthenium(II) complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands with benzylic groups were prepared by transmetallation reactions between silver(I) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes and [RuCl2(P-cymene)](2). All of the obtained complexes were characterized by FT-IR, H-1 NMR and C-13 NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular structure of compound 3c was also determined by X-ray crystallography. These ruthenium complexes were tested for the alkylation of aromatic amines with a wide range of primary alcohols under solvent-free conditions using the hydrogen borrowing strategy. All of the compounds tested here showed excellent catalytic activity for these reactions and N-monoalkylated products were obtained selectively using 2.5 mol% of the ruthenium complexes. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Bromido[1-(?6-4-tert-butylbenzyl)-3-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)benzimidazol-2-ylidene]chloridoruthenium(II)(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Ozdemir, Ismail; Demir, Serpil; Cetinkaya, BekirA new ruthenium complex, [RuBrCl(C28H32N2)], has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, IR-spectroscopy and a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The Ru atom in this complex is best described as having a considerably distorted octahedral coordination environment with the arene occupying three coordination sites. Two further coordination sites are occupied by chloride and bromide ligands, while the sixth site is occupied by the carbene. The carbene portion of the ligand is a benzimidazole ring. This ring is connected to the C6H4C(CH3)(3) arene by a CH2 bridge. This leads to a system with very little apparent strain. The two halogen atoms are disordered between Br and Cl. Two partial Cl atoms share the same sites as two partial Br atoms so that the title compound effectively has one Cl and one Br atom. C-H center dot center dot center dot X (X = Cl, Br) hydrogen bonds help to stabilize the crystal structure.Öğe Butylene linked palladium N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: Synthesis and catalytic properties(Elsevier Science Sa, 2011) Demir, Serpil; Ozdemir, Ismail; Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, DonNew bis(NHC)-Pd complexes were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, and IR spectroscopy. The reaction of Pd(OAc)(2) and bis(benzimidazolium) salts in DMSO gave the monomeric palladium complex in which the N-heterocyclic carbene was bound to the metal centre. The crystal and molecular structure of the cis-dibromo{1,1'-di[2,3,4,5,6-pentamethylbenzyl]-3,3'-butylene-dibenzimidazol-2,2'-diylidene}-palladium(II) complex was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The activity of the Pd(II) complexes in the direct arylation of benzothiazole with arylbromides was investigated. A preliminary catalytic study showed that these bis(NHC)-Pd complexes were highly active in the direct arylation of benzothiazole with arylbromides. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Catalytic activity of Ru/tetrahydropyrimidinium salts system for transfer hydrogenation reactions(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015) Karaca, Emine Ozge; Gurbuz, Nevin; Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Ozdemir, IsmailNew 1,3-dialkyltetrahydropyrimidinium salts as NHC precursors have been synthesized and characterized. The in situ prepared three-component 1,3-dialkyltetrahydropyrimidinium salts/[RuCl2(p-cymene)](2) and KOH catalyzes quantitatively the transfer hydrogenation of ketones under mild reaction conditions in 2-propanol. Also, the molecular structure of 1,3-bis(2-methylbenzyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidinium was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Ions of the title compound are linked by CH...Cl and OH...Cl hydrogen bonding interactions. The NCN bond angle (124.3(2)degrees) and CN bond lengths (1.316(3) and 1.314(3) angstrom) confirm the existence of strong resonance in this part of the molecule. Copyright (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe Dichloride [1-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-3-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidin-2-ylidine ( ?6 -hexamethylbenzene] ruthenium(2006) Arslan, Hakan; Derveer, Donald Van; Özdemir, İsmail; Yaşar, Sedat; Çetinkaya, BekirThe single crystal X-ray structure of the imidazolidin ruthenium complex, C38H46N2C2Ru, was determined. The complex is an orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 17.3586(32) ˚A, b = 14.4447(27) ˚A, c = 27.4325(52) ˚A, and V = 6878.466(4) ˚A3 with Z= 8 for Dcalc= 1.357 g/cm3. It exhibits the expected 3-legged piano stool geometry. There is one coordination bond of the ruthenium atom with the electrons of the ?6-hexamethylbenzene, 2 symmetrical Ru-Cl bonds, and one Ru-C bond involving the imidazole ring. The coordination around the ruthenium atom is 4-fold, which in this is case is pseudo-tetrahedral.Öğe Dichloride [1-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-3-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidin-2-ylidine (?6-hexamethylbenzene)]ruthenium(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2006) Arslan, Hakan; Van Derveer, Donald; Ozdemir, Ismail; Yasar, Sedat; Cetinkaya, BekirThe single crystal X-ray structure of the imidazolidin ruthenium complex, C38H46N2Cl2Ru, was determined. The complex is an orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 17.3586(32) angstrom, b = 14.4447(27) angstrom, c = 27.4325(52) angstrom, and V = 6878.466(4) angstrom(3) with Z = 8 for D-calc = 1.357 g/cm(3). It exhibits the expected 3-legged piano stool geometry. There is one coordination bond of the ruthenium atom with the electrons of the eta(6)-hexamethylbenzene, 2 symmetrical Ru-Cl bonds, and one Ru-C bond involving the imidazole ring. The coordination around the ruthenium atom is 4-fold, which in this is case is pseudo-tetrahedral.Öğe Dichloride [1-(2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-3-(biphenyl-2-ylmethyl)-imidazolidin-2-ylidine (\eta6-hexamethylbenzene] ruthenium(Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 2006) Arslan, Hakan; Derveer, Donald Van; Özdemir, İsmail; Yaşar, Sedat; Çetinkaya, BekirAbstract:The single crystal X-ray structure of the imidazolidin ruthenium complex, C38H46N2C2Ru, was determined. The complex is an orthorhombic space group Pbca with a = 17.3586(32) ˚A, b = 14.4447(27) ˚A, c = 27.4325(52) ˚A, and V = 6878.466(4) ˚A3 with Z= 8 for Dcalc= 1.357 g/cm3. It exhibits the expected 3-legged piano stool geometry. There is one coordination bond of the ruthenium atom with the electrons of the η6-hexamethylbenzene, 2 symmetrical Ru-Cl bonds, and one Ru-C bond involving the imidazole ring. The coordination around the ruthenium atom is 4-fold, which in this is case is pseudo-tetrahedral.Öğe Dichlorido[1-(2-methylbenzyl)-3-(?6-2,4,6-trimethylbenzyl)-1H-2,3-dihydrobenzimidazol-2-ylidene]ruthenium(II) dichloromethane solvate(Wiley-Blackwell, 2009) Arslan, Hakan; VanDerveer, Don; Yasar, Sedat; Ozdemir, Ismail; Cetinkaya, BekirThe title complex, [RuCl2(C25H26N2)]center dot CH2Cl2, is best thought of as containing an octahedrally coordinated Ru center with the arene occupying three sites. Two Ru-Cl bonds and one Ru-carbene bond complete the distorted octahedron. The carbene portion of the ligand is a benzimidazole ring. This ring is connected to the C6H2(CH3)(3) arene group by a CH2 bridge. This leads to a system with very little apparent strain. A dichloromethane solvent molecule completes the crystal structure. Further stabilization is accomplished via C-center dot center dot center dot N and C-H center dot center dot center dot Cl interactions.Öğe Fracture resistance of roots filled with three different obturation techniques(Medicina Oral S L, 2012) Topcuoglu, Huseyin-Sinan; Arslan, Hakan; Keles, Ali; Koseoglu, MustafaObjectives: The aim of this study was to compare in vitro root fracture resistance following root canal filling with AH 26 using lateral condensation, BeeFill, and Thermafil techniques. Study Design: Eighty extracted human mandibular premolars with similar dimensions were selected. In order to standardize the roots, measurements were taken in two separate regions of the teeth-at the cemento-enamel junction and 8 mm apically from the junction-buccolingual as well as mesiodistal for every tooth. Teeth were then randomly divided into five groups (n=16). With the exception of the non-prepared group (Group 1), instrumentation was done in all groups. In group 2, instrumentation but no filling was performed; in group 3, the obturation was done with AH 26 + gutta-percha; in group 4, with AH 26 + BeeFill and in group 5, AH 26 + a Thermafil obturator was used. All the roots were mounted vertically in copper rings and filled with acrylic resin, exposing 8 mm of the coronal part. A universal testing machine was used for the strength test. Results: The results were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. The significance between the groups was tested with Temhane's T2 test. The results indicate that instrumentation of root canals had a significant effect on fracture resistance (p<0.05). In addition, there were no differences between the root canal obturation techniques; furthermore, these techniques did not create a statistically important resistance to vertical fracture (p>0.05). Conclusions: The results suggest that instrumentation of root canals significantly weakens the tooth structure to fracture and the root canal obturation techniques that are used are not able to form reinforcement.Öğe Kentsel dönüşüm ve sosyal dışlanma: Narlıdere kentsel yenileme projesinin sosyal dışlanma ekseninde incelenmesi(Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2013) Arslan, HakanÖz:Bu çalışma, Türkiye nin en büyük kentlerinden biri olan İzmir in, son zamanlarda konut alanı özelliğiyle öne çıkan ve hızla değerlenen Narlıdere ilçesinde yer alan İkinci İnönü Ma- hallesine odaklanmaktadır. İkinci İnönü Mahallesi değişmekte olan bir gecekondu mahallesi olup, 1990 ların ortalarından itibaren Narlıdere Kentsel Yenileme Projesi (NARKENT Projesi) adıyla bir kentsel yenileme süreci yaşamıştır. Bu sürecin sonunda 342 gecekondulu aile, ken- dileri için yapılmış NARKENT bloklarına taşınmıştır. Bu çalışma, söz konusu kentsel yenileme sürecini ve kentsel yenileme/dönüşüm projeleri ile sosyal dışlanma olgusu arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamayı amaçlamıştır. Konunun ele alınışında ana çerçevenin belirlenmesini sağlayan kavramlar kentsel dö- nüşüm ve sosyal dışlanma olmuştur. Çok boyutlu bir olgu olan sosyal dışlanmanın araştırma alanındaki izleri sürülmüş ve bölgede uygulanan kentsel yenileme projesinin sosyal dışlanma süreçleri üzerindeki olumlu/olumsuz etkilerine odaklanılmıştır. Alandaki araştırmanın sonucunda katılım süreçlerinin diyalog ve uzlaşma temelinde organize edilememesinin memnuniyetsizliği körüklediği; kentsel yenilemenin, mekâna fiziksel müdahale anlamını aşmadığı, sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik boyutlarının göz ardı edildiğiÖğe KÖK KANAL TEDAVİSİ YAPILMIŞ MOLAR DİŞLERDE İRRİGASYON SOLÜSYONLARININ KIRILMA DİRENÇLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ(2013) Barutcigil, Çağatay; Arslan, Hakan; Yılmaz, Cenk Burak; Yalçın, MuhammetAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sodyum hipoklorit (NaOCl) ve etilendiamin tetraasidik asit (EDTA) irrigasyonunun kök kanal tedavisi görmüş dişlerin kırılma değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu çalışmada elli adet üçüncü büyük azı dişi kullanılmıştır. Seçilen dişlerin MOD kavitelerinin hazırlanmasından sonra pulpa odasının tavanı hazırlanmıştır. Dişler kullanılacak irrigasyon tipine göre 5 gruba ayrılmıştır (n=10) : G1: sadece distile su kullanılmıştır, G2: 1 dk. 5 ml 17% EDTA ve 1 dk. 5 ml % 5,25NaOCl irrigasyonu, G3: 1 dk. 5 ml 17% EDTA ve 10 dk. 5 ml %5,25 NaOCl irrigasyonu, G4: 10 dk. 5 ml 17% EDTA ve 1 dk. 5 ml %5,25 NaOCl irrigasyonu ve G5: 10 dk. 5 ml 17% EDTA ve 10 dk. 5 ml %5,25 NaOCl irrigasyonu. Endodontik tedavilerin ardından dişler bir mikrohibrit kompozit ile restore edilmiştir ve örnekler bir üniversal test cihazı ile sıkıştırma dayanımı testi uygulanmıştır. Örneklerin kırılma tiplerinin analizleri yapılmış ve her gruptan SEM görüntüleri alınmıştır. Bulgular: Elde edilen kırılma direnci değerleri 132,76 ve 149,57 Newton aralığında bulunmuştur. En yüksek kırılma direnci değeri kontrol grubunda, en düşük kırılma direnci değeri ise G5'de gözlenmiştir. Kırılma direnci değerleri arasında istatistiksel olarak bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ancak kırılma tiplerini analizleri sonucunda G4 ve G5'de restore edilemeyecek seviyede kırılma tipi daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Sonuç: NaOCl ve EDTA'nın birlikte kısa süreli uygulanmasının dişlerin kırılma dirençlerini önemli derecede etkilemediği ancak kırılma şekillerinin restore edilemeyecek seviyede önemli olduğu gösterilmiştir.Öğe Removal of Filling Materials from Oval-shaped Canals Using Laser Irradiation: A Micro-computed Tomographic Study(Elsevier Science Inc, 2015) Keles, Ali; Arslan, Hakan; Kamalak, Aliye; Akcay, Merve; Sousa-Neto, Manoel D.; Versiani, Marco AurelioIntroduction: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of lasers in removing filling remnants from oval-shaped canals after retreatment procedures with rotary instruments using micro computed tomographic imaging. Methods: The root canals of 42 mandibular canines were prepared and obturated using the warm vertical compaction technique. Retreatment was performed with rotary instruments, and the specimens were distributed in 3 groups (n = 14) according to the laser device used in a later stage of retreatment procedure: Er:YAG, Er:YAG laser based photon-induced photoacoustic streaming, and Nd:YAG. The specimens were scanned in a micro computed tomographic device after root canal filling and each stage of retreatment at a resolution of 13.68 mu m. The percentage differences of the remaining filling material before and after laser application within and between groups were statistically compared using the paired sample t test and 1-way analysis of variance test, respectively. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Overall, filling residues were located mainly in the apical third and into canal irregularities after the retreatrnent procedures. After using rotary instruments, the mean percentage volume of the filling remnants ranged from 13%-16%, with no statistical significant difference between groups (P > .05). Within groups, additional laser application had a significant reduction in the amount of the remaining filling materials (P < .05). A comparison between groups showed that Er:YAG laser application after the use of rotary instruments had a significantly higher removal of filling remnants (similar to 13%) than Er:YAG laser based photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (similar to 4%) and Nd:YAG (similar to 3%) (P < .05). Conclusions: None of the retreatment procedures completely removed the filling materials. The additional use of lasers improved the removal of filling material after the retreatment procedure with rotary instruments.Öğe Ruthenium(n6,n1-arene-CH2-NHC) Catalysts for Direct Arylation of 2-Phenylpyridine with (Hetero)Aryl Chlorides in Water(Mdpi, 2018) Kaloglu, Nazan; Ozdemir, Ismail; Gurbuz, Nevin; Arslan, Hakan; Dixneuf, Pierre H.A series of new benzimidazolium halides were synthesized in good yields as unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors containing the N-CH2-arene group. The benzimidazolium halides were readily converted into ruthenium(II)-NHC complexes with the general formula [RuCl2 (eta(6),eta(1)-arene-CH2-NHC)]. The structures of all new compounds were characterized by H-1 NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance), C-13 NMR, FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared) spectroscopy and elemental analysis techniques. The single crystal structure of one benzimidazole ruthenium complex, 2b, was determined. The complex is best thought of as containing an octahedrally coordinated Ru center with the arene residue occupying three sites, the remaining sites being occupied by a (carbene)C-Ru bond and two Ru-Cl bonds. The catalytic activity of [RuCl2(eta(6),eta(1)-arene-CH2 -NHC)] complexes was evaluated in the direct (hetero)arylation of 2-phenylpyridine with (hetero)aryl chlorides in water as the nontoxic reaction medium. These results show that catalysts 2a and 2b were the best for monoarylation with simple phenyl and tolyl chlorides. For functional aryl chlorides, 2d, 2e, and 2c appeared to be the most efficient.
